我国单板滑雪U型项目运动员人格、赛前情绪的类型及关系研究

Types and Relationship of Half-pipe Snowboard Athletes' Personality and Pre-competition Emotion in China

探讨我国单板U型滑雪运动员人格和赛前情绪类型的基本特点及其关系,采用卡特尔16种人格因素量表和赛前情绪量表–T,对我国43名运动员进行调查,结果显示:(1)运动员的人格类型主要有普通型、兴奋敢为型和敏感紧张型。运动员的赛前情绪类型主要有混合型、自信型和淡漠型。地方队的混合型和淡漠型运动员显著多于国家队。赛前情绪为混合型的运动员没有取得过国际名次,自信型运动员取得的国际名次最多。(2)普通型和敏感紧张型运动员的个体失败焦虑显著高于兴奋敢为型运动员;敏感紧张型运动员的社会期待焦虑显著高于兴奋敢为型运动员。(3)从个案看:该项目优秀运动员大多属于兴奋敢为型和自信型运动员。结论:兴奋敢为型和自信型的单板滑雪U型项目运动员焦虑更少、成绩更好、更易成功。

This paper investigated 43 half-pipe snowboard athletes to explore the types and relationship of athletes＇ personality and pre-competition emotion in China by using Cattell＇ s 16 personality factors questionnaires and pre-competition emotion scale-T. The results ： （ 1 ） Athletes＇ personality types were mainly ordinary type, excitatory-brave type and sensitive- tension type. Athletes＇ pre-competition emotion types were mixed type, confidence type and indifference type. Mixed type and indifference type athletes in local sport team were significantly more than that of the national team. Mixed type athletes of Pre-competition emotion had not won international award, confidence type athletes achieved the most international ranking. （2） Individual failure anxiety of ordinary type and sensitive-tension type athletes were significantly more than that of excitatory-brave type athletes. Social anticipation anxiety of sensitive-tension type athletes were significantly more than that of excitatory-brave type athletes. （ 3 ） From the individual case, the elite athletes of this sport mostly belonged to excitatorybrave type and confidence type. Conclusion ： half-pipe snowboard athletes of excitatory-brave type and confidence type have less anxiety, better performance, and succeed more easily.