足球运动员视觉搜索策略研究

A Study on Visual Search Strategy of Soccer Players

足球是一项攻防转换速度非常快的运动项目,良好的预测能力对足球运动员非常重要。足球比赛中,运动员比非运动员有更好的预测能力,这种差异可能是因为在视觉搜索过程中,运动员注意到了关键线索,而非运动员根本没有注视到。本研究通过不同时间阻断点、放映速度的足球罚点球视频分析不同水平运动员的预测能力和中枢资源占用程度,发现在触球瞬间,运动员组预测准确率较非运动组高。通过眼动仪分析视觉停留区域时间序列特征,发现运动员组采用了有规律的视觉搜索模式提取有效特征值进行预测。本研究认为运动员可以通过反复观看和分析不同场景下的比赛过程,提高视觉搜索能力,进而提高预测能力,结果对运动训练实践有一定的现实指导意义。

The soccer is an offensive and defensive sport with fast conversion speed. It is important for soccer athletes to predict accurately. Predictive ability of athletes was better than that of non-athletes in soccer match. The difference is probably that, in the visual search process, athletes watch while non-athletes do not look at a key clue. This research analyzes the predictive ability and level of central resource consumption of different levels of athletes through the penalty video blocked at different time points and with different showing speeds. Use eye tracking instrument to analysis time series characteristics of fixation area to discuss the visual search strategy of elite athletes. In the ball moment, prediction accurate rate in athletes is higher than non-sports group. Athletes group used a regular pattern of visual search to extract effective features value and predict. Athletes can view and analyze race under different scenarios repeatedly to improve the capacity of visual search, so that to improve the capacity of prediction. This result has some real practical significance to training practice.