化学及高温发酵处理对棉花秸秆消化性的影响

Effect of Chemical and Thermophilic Fermentation on the Digestibility of Cotton Stalk

【目的】以棉花秸秆为材料研究化学及高温发酵处理对其营养成分及消化性的提高效果。【方法】化学法以粗粉碎棉花秸秆为原料分别用Ca(OH)2、尿素或Ca(OH)2和尿素并加处理,对棉秆消化性提高效果进行研究;高温发酵法利用粗、细两种粉碎棉花秸秆中同样添加5%麦麸、3%Ca(OH)2、1.5%尿素、1%过磷酸钙和9.5%发酵菌剂进行高温发酵,对棉花秸秆营养成分及消化性提高效果进行比较研究。【结果】Ca(OH)2、Ca(OH)2和尿素并加处理能明显降低棉花秸秆中性洗涤纤维(NDF)含量,但是,对酸性洗涤纤维(ADF)、半纤维素含量没有明显影响,且均能提高粗蛋白质(CP)水平和消化率。高温发酵粗、细粉碎处理对棉花秸秆NDF、ADF和半纤维素含量没有显著影响,但能提高CP水平和消化率。【结论】化学处理以Ca(OH)2和尿素并加效果最佳,提高消化率58.67%。高温发酵处理后细粉碎棉花秸秆饲料化效果最好,CP含量10.15%(P<0.01),消化率41.07%(P<0.01)。

[ Objective ] In this project, cotton stalk was used as the main materials to discuss the effects on nutrients and the improvement of digestibility by using chemical and thermophilic fermentation. [ Method ] In the first trial, coarsely - crushed cotton stalk treated by adding Ca （OH） 2, urea or Ca （ OH ） 2 and urea mixture, respectively, was used to investigate the effect of chemical treatment on improving cotton stalk digestibility. In the next trial,the coarse or fine crushed cotton stalks went through thermophilic fermentation by adding 5% wheat bran, 3% Ca（OH） 2,1.5% urea, 1% calcium superphosphate and being inoculated with 9.5% previously fermented agent to observe the effect on improving nutrient content and in vitro dry matter digestibility. [ Result] Ca （OH）2, Ca （OH）2 and urea mixed treatments significantly decreased the neutral detergent fiber（NDF） content of the treated cotton stalks（P 〈 0.05 ）, but did not significantly affect acid detergent fiber （ADF） and hemicellulose content. Urea or Ca （OH） 2 and urea mixed treatments significantly improved the crude protein（CP） content and in vitro dry matter digestibility compared with the untreated cotton stalk. Thermophilic fermentation increased the CP content and digestibility of both coarse and fine crushedcotton stalks （ P 〈 0.01 ）, but did no significantly affect other chemical contents. [ Conclusion ] Chemical treatment of the crushed cotton stalk with Ca（OH） ~ and urea mixture can increase the digestibility by 59.67% and the effect of the cotton stalk fodder by thermophilic fermentation was the best. Its CP content could reach 10.15% （P 〈0.01 ）with 58.67% digestibility（P 〈0.01 ）.