幼儿美术教育的“麦当劳化”及其超越

On the McDonaldisation and Transcendency of Kindergarten Art Education

"麦当劳化"是指一个社会经历着速食餐厅特色的过程,追求量而非质的效率、可计算性、可预测性和非人性化的控制是其成功的核心。我国幼儿美术教育也正经历着这样一个过程,具体表现为教学方法上重量不重质、教学评价上标准成人化、教学内容上模式僵化刻板、教学过程上束缚儿童身心。我们应该认识到幼儿美术教育"麦当劳化"的危害,回归幼儿美术教育的本真。因此,我们需要采取灵活开放的教学方法、转变作品评价方式、鼓励幼儿自主选择美术内容、重视审美教育。

McDonaldisation is a fast-food-restaurant featured process that a society undergoes—the pursuit of quantity rather than quality of efficiency,and calculability,predictability and non-human control is the core of its success.Kindergarten art education in China is also experiencing such a process,manifested in attaching importance to quantity rather than quality in teaching methods,adopting adult-oriented evaluation in teaching standard,adopting rigid model in teaching content and constraining children in teaching process.We should recognize the hazards and risks of McDonaldisation of kindergarten art education,and revert to reality of education.Therefore,we need to take open and flexible teaching methods,change evaluation methods,encourage children to choose the art content freely,and emphasize aesthetic education.