一起水痘突发疫情流行病学分析

Epidemiological Analysis on An Outbreak of Chickenpox

目的:对北京市怀柔区某小学一起水痘突发疫情进行流行病学分析,为今后更好的处理水痘暴发疫情提供流行病学依据。方法:收集中国疾病控制信息系统中北京市怀柔区某小学的一起水痘突发疫情个案病例和突发疫情信息,采用描述流行病学方法分析流行病学特征。结果:水痘发病年龄(6～12)岁,以一年级为主,共27例,占总病例数的67.50%;应急后免疫未超过1个月发病的2例,免疫史超过3年的发病3例,超过4年的发病3例,超过5年的发病25例,分别占5.88%、8.82%、8.82%、73.53%。结论:水痘易在学校等集体单位暴发流行,发病以低年级儿童为主,免疫史超过5年的突破病例较多。学校等集体单位在严格落实各项防控措施的同时,接种水痘减毒活疫苗(VaricellaAttenuated Live Vaccine;VarV)是预防和控制水痘最有效和最可靠的手段。

Objective：To analysis an outbreak of chickenpox in a primary school of Beijing Huairou district,to provide epidemiological basis for dealing with the epidemic of chickenpox.Methods： the information of chickenpox cases of a primary school in Beijing Huairou district was collected from Chinese Centers for Disease Control Information System,and descriptive epidemiology was used to analyze epidemiology characters of chickenpox.Results：The average age of cases was 7.08y（rangre 6y ~12y）.The cases were diagnosed maily in grade 1,about 27 cases,accounting for 67.50%.2 cases within 1 month immune following stress,3 cases with more than 3 years immune history,3 cases with more than 4 years immune history,25 cases with more than 5 years immune history were diagnosed,accounting for 5.88%,8.82%,8.82% and 73.53% respectively.Conclusion：Chickenpox is outbreaked in collective units such as schools frequently,and the incidence cases are maily in low-grade children especially who with more than 5-year immune history.Schools and other collective units should implement the prevention and control measures strictly as well as inoculate the vaccinations of VarV are the most effective and reliable means to prevent and control chickenpox.