论潮汕方言歌谣收集整理的原则与方法

On the Collecting Principles and Methods of Chaoshan Folk Songs

潮汕方言歌谣是一种具有较高文学价值、历史价值、民俗价值的民间口头文学,是一笔难得的人类文化遗产。以前此歌谣集和资料本存在着收集数量偏少,对象界定模糊,体式界定不清,用字不究、少有注释,版本不同、面目有异等问题。而明确歌谣结构形式,界定体式;采用合理方式选取歌谣,取舍有据;遵循用字原则,通过比较辨析,统一歌谣用字;运用方言学研究成果进行歌谣的注释以及按照歌谣主题,兼顾表达形式进行分类,这五方面是在对上千首歌谣进行整理的基础上概括出来的原则和方法。总之,从语言与文化、民俗结合的角度对歌谣进行收集整理,将还原失真了的材料,使歌谣文本更接近原生态、更具研究价值,更有利于传承。

Chaoshan folk songs are an oral literature that has a considerably high value in literature and history studies and they are a valuabe relics of culture.In the past,however the collection of Chaozhou folk songs had some obvious shortcomings.For example,the number is relatively small,of object is obscure,the definition of style is not clear,the diction was not paid attention to,and the notes were seldom given,But now the editions are different from each other and the features are not the same as they were.Having classified more than one thousand folk songs,the writer summarize the collected principles and methods of folk songs as follows:be clear about the structures of folk songs and give a definition of stlye;adopt the reasonable method to collect the folk songs and keep to the same the principle;obey the principle of diction and use the same diction;use the research results from dialectics to annotate and classify folk songs accoring to the themes as well as expressing ways.In all,new collected principles and methods from the perspective of the combination of language and culture and folk tradition will restore the materials and make the folk versions closer to the original manuscripts and have higher research value and easier to be passed down.