大地震与社会福利政策建议

Earthquakes and the Suggestion of Social Welfare Policy

日本东北关东地区3.11大地震导致的灾难救援问题引发了日本学者对社会福利的关注。文章在考察大地震后灾区受灾者的心情、想法的基础上,从中国中央政府的应对措施、对口支援、临时住房、援助的差距、政府工作与志愿行动等方面梳理了中国四川地震救援的经验,指出日本社会结构正面临着三种危机的考验。第一,超老龄社会与少子化、人口减少社会的人口构造危机;第二,通货紧缩、经济萧条、日元升值、股票下跌等经济危机;第三,大地震、海啸、核电站事故带来的环境能量危机。日本可以参考和借鉴中国的经验开展大地震后的恢复、重建工作。受灾者的生活重建是重建的首要任务。在中央政府、地方自治体常设危机管理组织;明确灾害应对的程序;制定社会政策的基本目标;强化受灾者援助的政策手段;完善医疗、福利、护理服务;发展区域产业和开创就业;提供住房保障;着手能够对抗灾害的坚固的地域社会与街区建设。

Disaster relief after 3.11 Earthquake in Japan＇s northeast-Kanto has drawn Japanese scholars＇ academic concern to social welfare.The paper,based on the exploration of disaster victims＇ feeling and opinions,analyzed the earthquake relief experiences in Sichuan China,such as timely measures＇ provincial aid support,temporary housing,the different distribution of relief resources,government movements and voluntary action,etc.and discussed three crisis by which Japanese social structure has been challenged that：（1） population structural crisis due to over-aged society with decreasing population and less and less children;（2） economic crisis with deflation,economic depression,the Japanese yen appreciation,stock fell;（3） environment and energy crisis caused by earthquakes,tsunamis,the accident of nuclear power station.It drew a conclusion that Japan can make use of China＇s experience of recovery and reconstruction work in Sichuan,which means that victims＇ life recovery is the primary task of reconstruction,and that permanent crisis management organizations have to be established in the government at all levels,both central government and local autonomy ones,so as to help victims recovery their life by making clear procedure to deal with disaster,making a basic goal of social policy,strengthening disaster relief countermeasure,improving health care,welfare,nursing service,developing regional industry to provide jobs available for the victims,providing housing safeguard,constructing a perfect and powerful regional society and community whose resources are adequate enough to handle the would-be disasters