广东省深圳市产品伤害监测流行特征分析

Analysis of epidemiological characteristics of product-related injuries surveillance in Shenzhen City of Guangdong Province

目的分析广东省深圳市产品伤害分布特点及流行特征,为产品伤害预防与控制提供依据。方法采用分层随机抽样方法,抽取市、区、镇级3家医院作为深圳市伤害监测系统哨点医院,并以2009—2010年系统登记的产品伤害病例为研究对象,通过报卡护士或医生填写《产品伤害监测报告卡》,收集患者伤害及相关产品信息。结果 2009—2010年深圳市伤害监测系统共报告产品伤害病例85 639例,占监测总数的71.46%;以男性劳动力居多,平均年龄(27.83±15.70)岁,性别比(男∶女)为2.12∶1;主要涉及产品为特殊物品及其他(39.76%)、公共场所设施(24.46%)、家庭用品(15.01%);发生原因主要为钝器伤(25.75%)、跌落(25.63%)、交通伤(18.01%);主要发生在家中(27.43%)、工业建筑场所(21.59%)、公路/街道(20.49%);伤害部位以上肢(37.93%)、下肢(24.00%)和头部(22.00%)为主;以非故意伤害(88.77%)、轻度伤害(86.87%)和接受治疗后回家(91.86%)为主。结论深圳市产品伤害主要威胁男性劳动力人群。应进一步完善产品伤害监测系统,并开展有关重点产品的伤害监测活动。

Objective To explore the epidemiological characteristics of product-related injury in Shenzhen, and provide evidence for government to develop intervention policy. Methods Using stratified random sampling method, three sentinel hospitals were selected from city-level, district-level and town-level hospital to establish injury surveillance system. Information about the general injury and product were collected by a doctor or nurse for every first time emergency or outpatient visit involving injury from 2009 to 2010. Results A total number of 85 639 product-related injury cases were reported and accounted for 71.46% in all injury cases. The main cases were male labors, and the average age was （27. 83 ＋ 15.70）, the sex-ratio （men： women） was 2. 12： 1. The related products were special articles （39.76%）, facilities in public places （24. 46% ） and household articles （ 15.01% ）. The leading causes were blunt injures （25.75%）, falls （25.63%） and road traffic injuries （ 18. 01% ）. The injuries were occurred in home （27.43%）, industry buildings （21.59%） and road/street （20. 49% ）. The main injured body positions were upper limb （37.93%）, lower limb （24. 00% ） and head （22.00%）. Most injury were unintentional （88. 77% ）, slight （86. 87% ）, and 91.86% of the patients were back home after treated. Conclusion The product-related injury was the most threat to male labors. It is necessary to improve injury surveillance system and the key products related injury surveillance should be carried out.