吸入糖皮质激素治疗支气管哮喘的不良反应

Adverse Reaction of Treating Bronchial Asthma with Inhaled Corticosteroids

吸入糖皮质激素(ICS)常见局部不良反应有口腔念珠菌病、反射性咳嗽及声嘶等,全身不良反应主要表现为对儿童身高、下丘脑-垂体-肾上腺轴的抑制及骨骼代谢的影响,与激素种类、剂量、吸入装置等因素有关。不良反应一般比较轻微,包括口咽部不良反应和对儿童身高、肾上腺功能、骨骼的影响,临床医师对其认识不够和患者的担忧,导致ICS处方量减少和患者依从性下降,这些都不利于哮喘的控制。合理使用吸入糖皮质激素能使这些不良反应最小化。

The common adverse reactions of inhaled corticostereids （ICS） are oral candidiasis, reflective cough and hoarseness, etc.. The adverse reactions all over the body are mainly represented by the restriction on the height of children, hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis and the influences on skeleton metabolism, which are related to many factors, such as hormone category, dosage and inhalation device, etc.. The adverse reactions are generally slight, including the oropharyngeal adverse reactions and influence on children height, adrenal gland function and skeletons. The insufficient awareness of the clinicians and the worries of the pa- tients caused less description of it and the lowered patient compliance, which are not good for the asthma con- trol. Rational application of ICS could minimize these adverse reactions.