条约制度：西方世界与晚清中国之间的改造和被改造

Treaty System:The Late Qing Dynasty Reconstructed by the West

19世纪中叶以来,中西之间由交冲而交往的过程,本质上是西方人执条约以范围中国的过程。由于条约体现了西方人的利益、利权、意志和规则,所以,执条约以范围中国,其历史内容正是西方人用条约来改造中国。而本无条约传统,从而本无条约意识和条约知识的中国人则在这个过程里被条约所拖拽,一步一步地进入了由欧西立范式的世界秩序之中。与之相因果的,是中国人和中国社会的被动变化和深度变化。

Since the 1850s,communication between China and the West had been essentially a process in which the West regulated and consequently reconstructed China through treaties,which embodied the interests,rights,wills and rules of the West.In this process,China,which originally had no tradition of treaties to cultivate its awareness or knowledge of treaties,was gradually pulled into a world order established by the West and deeply changed in a passive way.