中国近代残疾人教育思想的产生及发展

The Generation and Development of the Modern Chinese Conception of Education for the Disabled

近代残疾人教育思想产生于西方,由传教士及绅商传入中国。传教士基于平等、博爱理念,在传播宗教的同时,提倡发展残疾人教育,促使残疾人的救济模式由传统的养转变为近代的教。绅商从社会和人权出发,强调残疾人作为社会的一员,理应与身体健全者一样享有接受教育的权利;勉励残疾人掌握一技之长、自谋其生;并要求国家制定法律,保障残疾人接受教育的权利。残疾人则从自身的角度提出通过接受教育,自立自强,服务社会。在批判轻视和歧视残疾人教育的错误思想斗争中,残疾人教育思想得到了进一步的发展。近代100年间,传教士、绅商、知识分子、残疾人创办残疾人学校,教育培养了一批残疾人,促进了近代残疾人教育事业的发展,也为当代残疾人教育事业奠定了基础。

Originating in the modern West,the concept of education for the disabled was introduced into China by missionaries and gentle-businessmen.With the idea of equality and humanity,the missionaries,while spreading religion,promoted the independent development of schools for the disabled and created a modern pattern of assistance for the disabled.From the perspective of social and human rights,the gentle-businessmen emphasized that the disabled,as members of society,should have the right,guaranteed by law,to receive education.They also encouraged the disabled to achieve proficiency in a particular career to earn their living.In addition,the disabled themselves had to serve society and become self-reliant through the education they received.The concept of education for the disabled developed further through its criticism of society's contempt for and discrimination against education for the disabled.In the last century,missionaries,gentle-businessmen and the disabled founded schools for the disabled,educated groups of disabled persons and hence promoted modern education for the disabled,which also laid a solid foundation for the contemporary education for disabled people.