中国公案类文学的近代形态与民族书写

Modern Formation and National Writing of the Chinese Detective Literature

近代以来西方侦探故事大量风行,而本土的公案类文学并没有如一般人所推测的那样消失。相反,近代的中国公案文学呈现多元流传的生存形态。小说、唱本、评话等公案形态互相激发,题材互鉴,曲曲相生,由此形成文人视野下公案小说的启蒙姿态、大众视野下公案类唱本的坊间姿态及表演视野下公案评话的艺术姿态等多元形态。清末民初,北京、上海等地大量出版的公案石印本小说再一次呈现强大的叙述魅力。近代文人对公案等传统元素不断借用与看重,其背后隐含着的是对民族身份的自我认同,其深层原因则是民族集体审美心理的呈现。

Since modern times,the western detective stories have been very popular,while the native detective literature does not disappear as to be generally supposed. On the contrary,Chinese detective stories present a spreading diversity of survival forms such as the detective noval,libretto,local dialect. One stimulated the other and learned from each other,existing in a harmonious environment. Therefore,it forms enlightenment pattern of detective stories from the perspective of literati,anecdotal pattern of libretto from public perspective,and art pattern of local dialect from the perspective of performance,and other multiple forms. In the late Qing Dynasty,a large number of detective novals published in Beijing,Shanghai and other places,which once again present a narrative charm. Modern literati constantly learn from and pay great attention to traditional elements of detective stories. It indicates recognition of national identity. The underlying reason is the presentation of the national collective aesthetic psychology.