地方性药物认知与分类特点——基于湘西一个土家族村落的人类学考察

Local Medicinal Cognition and Ito Classification Feature——Anthropological Investigation Based on SuZhu Village inthe West of Hunan Province

地方性药物认知是村落民众在其所处的生态空间中,对药用动植物的表征、特性、功能、效用等的实践经验和认知体系,也是对具体对象及其性能的一种抽象表达。其外延包括药物生态认知、命名规则和分类体系等。药物生态认知主要基于实践而呈现出具体科学的特点;药物命名源于一种生产实践和日常生活的需要,且有规律可循;药物属性划分既具有传统民间分类结构的普遍性,又具有地域的特殊性,而以药味为标准的分类体系既是对民间分类学内涵的丰富,又是对民间分类科学的发展。

Local drug cognitive is not only the practical experience and cognitive system of characterization,characteristics,function and utility of medicinal plants and animals created by ethnic groups in the ecological space which they live in,but also an abstract expression of the concrete object and its performance.Its extension includes drug ecological cognition,naming rules and classification system,etc.Drug ecological cognition,based on the practice,shows the characteristics of the specific science;Drug naming comes from a kind of production practice and the need of daily life,and there are rules;Drug property division has both the universality of traditional folk classification structure,and the particularity of the region,and classification system of taste as the standard is not only the rich connotation of folk taxonomy,and development of classification science of the folk.