沈从文创作初期的人类学诗学创作

On Shen Congwen's Anthropological Creation in His Early Days of Creation

创作初期,沈从文在湘西题材的创作中,用审美的方式对湘西文化的地方性知识系统进行深度描写,为我们保存了一个异质于现代文明的文化空间,他这种异质的文化空间成为了现代文明的种种堕落的反观之镜,这使得沈从文湘西文学题材选择与创作具有了极高的人类学价值,也使得他的湘西题材创作具有了鲜明的人类学诗学特征。沈从文湘西题材的文学创作本身具有比较鲜明的原始主义倾向,沈从文梦回湘西,营造了一个审美乌托邦世界,把湘西文化作为中华民族复兴的文化资源之一,这是沈从文的艺术审美思想在现代文学史上独树一帜的重要原因。但此时沈从文的人类学诗学创作面临着困境,缘于沈从文对湘西文化的思考缺失历史理性。站在历史理性的高度,从为湘西文化到为中华民族整体文化甚至是为人类整体文化而代言,创作思想着眼于关爱人类整体的命运,这种悲天悯人、大仁大爱的思想立足点,是沈从文的人类学诗学创作困境突破的根本途径。

Shen Congwen applied aesthetic methods to describe the theme of the western area of hunan in Shen Congwen＇s early days of creation.As a result,Shen Congwen had preserved a cultural space which differenced from modern culture.Shen congwen had regarded western culture of Hunan as a mirror to rethink modern civilization,so anthropological poetics became a basic feature of the literature works of Shen Congwen,and his literature works also posed a kind of distinct primitivism.Shen Congwen regarded the western culture of Hunan as resource to realize national rejuvenation,creating a utopia world,which is why Shen Congwen＇s thought of artistic aesthetics could stand out in modern literature.But his anthropological poetics met with inevitable defeat because of his lack of historical reason.We can adopt the cultural anthropological theories and methods to study Shen Congwen＇s concrete anthropological literary works.Only by utilizing the anthropological theories and methods can we possess a macroscopic and whole horizon in the domain of Shen Congwen＇s literary research,which is the only way out of this predicament.