海口市不同类型水体蚊幼虫种群孳生调查

Survey of breeding of mosquito larvae in different plashes in Haikou City

目的了解海口市蚊幼虫的种类、密度、季节消长及蚊幼虫孳生地的类型,掌握蚊幼虫种群动态变化的本底资料,为制定蚊虫综合防治方案提供科学依据。方法在海口市东、西、南、北、中五个不同方位,各选择1个居民区和附近的其他场所的水缸、桶、轮胎等小型水体及河流、水池等大中型水体,分别采用幼虫吸管法和幼虫勺捕法采集蚊幼虫,并进行鉴定。结果库蚊、伊蚊、按蚊3种蚊属均有发现,库蚊除了景观瓶外所有阳性水体中均有生长,按蚊仅在洼地中发现,伊蚊主要在小型水体中孳生,调查的11种29个大中型水体中,阳性水体有3种8个,阳性率27.59%,勺舀指数12.57,阳性水体中下水道阳性率最高,为80%。小型水体5种1 988个,阳性容器654个,阳性率(容器指数)为32.90%,其中轮胎的容器指数最高,为52.94%;蚊幼虫孳生一年四季均有活动,大中型水体8月份密度最高,1月份密度最低,小型水体8月份密度最高,2月份密度最低。结论海口市蚊虫防制工作的重点是在每年的8月份,小型积水、下水道、污水沟是治理重点。

Objective To survey the species,density,seasonal fluctation and habitat of mosquito larvae in Haikou city and provide scientific basis for making elimination measures.Methods Container index method was used to investigate the breeding palces of mosquito larvae in small-sized containers such as crock,bucket,and tyre,but scoop sampling method used in the large and medium-sized waters like rivers and water pool.Results The Culex,Aedes and Anopheles mosquitoes larvae were found.The Culex was found in all kinds of water body except for flowerpot,the Anopheles was only found in depression,the breeding place of Aedes mainly in small water bodies.The mosquito larvae were found in 3 of 11 kinds of 29 large and medium-sized waters,the larvae positive rate of large and medium-sized waters was 27.59%,the ladle index was 12.57,positive water highest rate of 80%.Small bodies of water have 5 kinds of 1988,positive container have 654,the positive rate（vessel index）of 32.90%,the highest index of the container in the tire,up to 52.94%..The mosquito larvae have the activity throughout the year,the seasonal fluctuation of large and medium-sized by August density is highest,lowest density for January.The seasonal fluctuation of small-sized containers by August density is highest,lowest density for February.Conclusion The key time for mosquito control was in August,and the key areas were containers,sewer and gutter.