设施长周期栽培型西瓜的优质高产栽培技术研究

Good-quality and high-yield culture techniques of watermelon suitable to long-period cultivation under structure

为确定适合上海及周边地区设施长周期栽培的西瓜新品种及其优质高产栽培技术,进行了设施品比试验。结果表明:‘申抗988’是适合上海及周边地区设施长周期栽培的西瓜新品种,它在上海及周边地区春播设施栽培的最适播种期为2月10-20日,适宜种植密度为7 725～9 000株/hm2,双蔓整枝,株行距为35cm×250cm,基肥用量以狮马牌复合肥900kg/hm2+精制有机肥22.5t/hm2为宜。膨瓜期沟施225kg/hm2狮马牌复合肥,同时通过叶面喷施4～5次500倍液狮马牌高钾叶面肥(N∶P∶K=7%∶12%∶40%),每次300g,比不追肥对照增产37.2%,且显著改善了西瓜果实的品质。

In order to select new watermelon varieties suitable to long-period cultivation under structure in Shanghai and surrounding areas and study their good-quality and high-yield culture techniques,varietal yield tests for 4 varieties were carried out under greenhouses.The results showed that the new watermelon variety Shenkang 988 was suitable to long-period cultivation under structure,its optimal spring seeding date was February 10-20 in Shanghai and surrounding areas,and its appropriate planting density was 7 725-9 000 plants/hm2 with spacing 35 cm ×250 cm.The suitable amount of base fertilizer was 900 kg/hm2 Shima Brand complex fertilizer and 22.5 t/hm2 refined organic fertilizer.The furrow application of fertilizer during the fruit expansion was 225 kg/hm2 Shima Brand complex fertilizer,and meantime the foliar application of 500-fold solution of Shima Brand high potassium fertilizer（N∶P∶K=7%∶12%∶40%）was 4-5 times with 300 g each,which could increase the yield by 37.2% over no additional fertilizer and significantly improve the fruit quality.