舞毒蛾卵寄生蜂大蛾卵跳小蜂发育与温度的关系及利用替代寄主柞蚕卵繁育的子代品质评价

Relationship between temperature and development of Ooencyrtus kuwanae(Hymenoptera:Encyrtidae),the egg parasitoid of Lymantria dispar(Lepidoptera:Lymantriidae),with an evaluation of its offspring quality reared from eggs of the substitute host Antheraea pe

舞毒蛾Lymantria dispar(L.)是国际性检疫害虫。大蛾卵跳小蜂Ooencyrtus kuwanae(Howard)是舞毒蛾卵的重要寄生蜂,对舞毒蛾有一定的控制作用。为了在规模化繁育大蛾卵跳小蜂时控制小蜂的发育进度,设置不同的温度梯度研究了该蜂发育与温度的关系;同时,为了对替代寄主繁育出的天敌质量进行评价,对利用其自然寄主舞毒蛾卵和替代寄主柞蚕Antheraea pernyi卵繁育出的子代成蜂的寿命、胸宽、雌雄性比进行了比较。结果显示:大蛾卵跳小蜂的发育起点温度和有效积温分别为10.50±1.41℃和260.74±25.09日·度,温度与发育速率的关系为T=10.50+260.74V。当采用30%的蜂蜜水饲喂成蜂时,柞蚕卵繁育出的大蛾卵跳小蜂雌、雄蜂的平均寿命分别为15.01和10.38d,采用原寄主舞毒蛾卵繁育出的雌、雄蜂平均寿命分别为20.94和15.95d,两者差异显著;采用柞蚕卵繁育出的雌蜂个体显著大于用舞毒蛾卵繁育出的雌蜂个体;柞蚕卵和舞毒蛾卵繁育出的大蛾卵跳小蜂雌雄性比没有显著差异,分别为2.42:1和2.57:1。结果表明,在野外开展舞毒蛾的生物防治时,释放利用柞蚕卵繁育出的大蛾卵跳小蜂具有可行性。

Lymantria dispar is an international quarantine forest insect pest. Ooencyrtus kuwanae （Howard） is an important egg parasitoid of L. dispar （ L. ） and effective against the host population in some areas. In order to establish the mass rearing methods in practice, the relationship between development of O. kuwanae and environmental temperature was studied through rearing at 5 different environmental temperatures. Since eggs of Antheraea pernyi Guerin-Meneville are cheap and easily available, it is used as the substitute host in mass rearing of the O. kuwanae in the laboratory. The quality of offsprings emerged from O. kuwanae was evaluated by comparison with offsprings emerged from the natural host L. dispar. The results showed that the developmental threshold temperature and effective accumulated temperature of O. kuwanae are 10. 50 ＋ 1. 41℃ and 260. 74 ＋ 25. 09 day degrees, respectively. The regressive equation between temperature and developmental rate is T = 10. 50 ＋ 260.74V. When O. kuwanae adults were fed with 30% honey, the mean life-span of males and females emerged from eggs of L. dispar （ 15.95 and 20.94 d, respectively） was longer than that of males and females emerged from eggs of A. pernyi （10.38 and 15.01 d, respectively）. The body size of females emerged from eggs of A. pernyi was significantly larger than that of females from L. dispar eggs. The female to male ratio of O. kuwanae emerged from eggs of L. dispar and A. pernyi was similar. 2.42：1 and 2.57： 1, respectively. The results indicate that O. kuwanae offsprings mass-reared with the substitute host A. pernyi could be used as one of effective biological control agents for controlling L. dispar in fields.