一种新型环保固沙剂的制备与性能研究

Preparation and Sanding-fixing Properties of A New-type Environment Friendly Sand-fixing Agent

合成了以羧甲基纤维素钠(CMC)为主接枝丙烯酰胺的环保固沙剂,研究了羧甲基纤维素钠与丙烯酰胺的投料比、引发剂浓度、反应时间、反应温度以及初始pH等因素对其性能的影响。结果表明,随着羧甲基纤维素钠与丙烯酰胺投料比的增加,固化层(固沙剂使用后沙土表面所形成的粘结层)的厚度和保水性逐渐增加,强度和耐水性先增加后降低,投料比为2:1时强度和耐水性最佳,厚度和保水性达到平衡;随着引发剂浓度增大,固化层的厚度、强度及耐水性先增大后减少,保水性逐渐增加,0.15 g/L时厚度、强度和耐水性最佳,保水性能达到平衡。固沙剂主体CMC的纤维素长链结构使其具备良好的粘结性和成膜性能,丙烯酰胺中的强亲水性集团氨基的氢键作用使其具有优良的保水吸水性能,链上的羰基可与沙土中的无机离子发生络合反应,提高粘结性能和成膜性能。

A new-type environment friendly sand-fixing agent of sodium carboxymethyl cellulose （CMC） grafted onto acrylamide was synthetized and characterized. The effects of the ratio of CMC to acrylamide, initiator concentration, reaction time, initial temperature and starting pH on the sanding-fixing properties were investigated. The results showed that as the ratio of CMC to acrylamide increased, the thickness of solidified layer and water retention increased gradually and the strength and water resistance first increased and then decreased. And when the ratio was 2：1, the strength and water resistance were the best and the thickness and water retention of the solidified layer reached balance; as the concentration of initiator increased, the thickness of the solidified layer, strength and water resistance first increased and then decreased, water retention increased gradually, and when the concentration of initiator was 0.15 g/L, the thickness, strength and water resistance of the solidified layer were the best, and water retention reached equilibrium. The cellulose long-chain of CMC makes the sand-fixing agent with good adhesive and film-forming property; the hydrogen bonding of the strong hydrophilic amino in acrylamide makes the sand-fixing agent with excellent water retention and hydroscopicity; the complexation of the carbonyl on chain and the inorganic ions on sandy soil could increase the adhesive and film-forming properties.