单个B细胞抗体制备技术及应用

Single B cell monoclonal antibody technologies and applications

单克隆抗体是现代生命科学研究的重要工具,为许多领域的发展作出了不可估量的贡献。随着PCR技术和单克隆抗体技术的发展和成熟,单个B细胞抗体制备技术迅速兴起。该技术能够对单个的抗原特异性B细胞进行抗体基因的体外克隆和表达,保证了轻重链可变区的天然配对,相较于传统的抗体制备技术具有效率高、全人源、基因多样性更丰富等优势。单个B细胞抗体制备技术已成为制备全人抗体的热门方法,同时也促进了包括抗体发生成熟、疫苗保护机制、疫苗开发、肿瘤及自身免疫疾病等免疫学相关研究。文中就单个B细胞抗体制备技术的过程及应用作简要综述。

Monoclonal antibodies （mAbs） contribute a lot to the development of numerous fields in life science as a pivotal tool in modern biological research. Development of the PCR methods and maturation of antibody production have made it possible to generate mAbs from single human B cells by single cell RT-PCR with successional cloning and expression in vitro. Compared to traditional monoclonal antibody technologies, single B cell technologies require relatively fewer cells, which are highly efficient in obtaining specific mAbs in a rapid way with preservation of the natural heavy andlight chain pairing. With so many advantages, single B cell technologies have been proved to be an attractive approach for retrieval of naive and antigen-experienced antibody repertoires generated in vivo, design of rationale structure-based vaccine, evaluation and development of basic B cell biology concepts in health and autoimmunity, and prevention of infectious diseases by passive immunization and therapy for disorders. Accordingly, this review introduced recent progresses in the single B cell technologies for generating monoclonal antibodies and applications.