边防某部新兵入伍训练前后心理健康状况调查及心理干预效果评价

Surveys of pre- and post-training mental health status and mental intervention effect among recruits of a certain unit of border defense

目的 探讨新兵训练前后的心理健康状况及心理干预效果.方法 对525名参加入伍训练的新兵于入伍训练前采用症状自评量表评定心理健康状况,针对评定结果在训练期间由军医对新兵开展心理卫生基础知识和心理健康教育讲座,对症状自评量表因子分高的新兵有针对性的心理干预;于训练结束后再次对入组新兵进行心理健康评定,并将两次测评结果与中国新兵常模进行对比分析.结果 新兵训练前心理问题检出率为19.04%,症状自评量表除抑郁因子分与中国新兵常模差异无显著性外,其他各因子分均显著高于中国新兵常模（P＜0.05或0.01）;训练后新兵心理问题检出率为5.71%,较训练前显著下降（χ^2=43.02,P＜0.01）,其中症状自评量表躯体化、人际关系、敌对、恐怖、偏执、精神病性因子分差异有显著或极显著性（P＜0.05或0.01）;但躯体化、焦虑、敌对和精神病性因子分仍显著高于中国新兵常模（P＜0.05或0.01）,而抑郁因子分显著低于中国新兵常模（P＜0.01）.结论 入伍新兵训练期间受多种因素影响,极易导致心理问题的发生;部队积极开展有针对性的心理健康教育和心理干预,对维护新兵的心理健康,增强部队的战斗力具有重要意义.

Objective To explore the pre- and post-training mental health status and mental intervention effect among recruits. Methods Mental health conditions were assessed with the Symptom Checklist-90 （SCL- 90） before enlistment training in 525 recruits, mental health rudiments and mental health education were given to them according to the assessment results during training, and purposeful mental interventions to ones who had higher SCL-90 scores; after training mental health conditions were assessed again and two assessment results compared with Chinese recruit norm. Results The detection rate of psycho problems before training was 19.04% in the recruits and the other factors scores except depression of the SCL-90 were significantly higher in the recruits compared with Chinese recruit norm （P〈0. 05 or 0.01）; after training the detection rate of psycho problems （5.71%）was significantly lower compared with pretraining （χ^2 =43.02 ,P〈0. 01 ）, there were significant or very significant differences in somatization, inter personal relation, hostility, phobia, paranoia, psychotic score between pre- and post training（P〈0.05 or 0.01） ; but somatization, anxiety, hostility and psychotic score were still significantly higher （P〈0.05 or 0.01） and depression lower （P〈0.01） in the recruits compared with Chinese recruit norm. Conclusion Recruits are influenced during enlistment training by various kinds of factors which cause psycho problems very easily; purposeful mental health education and mental intervention are important to protect recruits＇ mental health and strengthen army battle effectiveness.