上海地区引种地被石竹蒸腾特征及影响因子分析

Transpiration Characteristics of Dianthus plumarius Introduced in Shanghai Area and Influencing Factors

采用Li-6400光合作用测定仪对在上海地区引种的地被石竹蒸腾速率日变化、季节变化特征进行研究。结果表明:(1)地被石竹蒸腾速率日变化为单峰型,峰值出现在11∶00～12∶00;蒸腾速率的季节变化为单峰曲线,6月份最高,达到12.72mmol.m-2.s-1,11月份最低,仅为1.31mmol.m-2.s-1,生长季叶片平均值为6.07mmol.m-2.s-1。(2)直接影响蒸腾速率日变化的主要因子春季(3月下旬)为光合有效辐射和相对湿度;夏季(6月下旬)为光合有效辐射和气温;秋季(10月初)为光合有效辐射、气温、胞间CO2浓度和相对湿度。(3)地被石竹三季单位叶面积平均日固碳量、日释氧量、日蒸腾释水量、日吸热量春季分别为12.16g.m-2.d-1、8.85g.m-2.d-1、2480.89g.m-2.d-1、6065.90KJ.m-2.d-1,夏季为12.46g.m-2.d-1、9.07g.m-2.d-1、8283.25g.m-2.d-1、19940.75KJ.m-2.d-1,秋季为10.29g.m-2.d-1、7.48g.m-2.d-1、2102.56g.m-2.d-1、5098.57KJ.m-2.d-1。

Diurnal and seasonal variation of the transpiration rate of Dianthus plumarius introduced in Shanghai area and its influencing factors were studied using Li-6400 photosynthesis system.The results were as follows：（1）The diurnal variation of transpiration rate of leaves showed one-peak curve,and the peak value mostly occurred between 11∶00 and 12∶00.Seasonal variation of transpiration rate also showed one-peak pattern,the highest value was 12.72mmol·m-2·s-1 in June,and the lowest was 1.31mmol·m-2·s-1 in November.The average of seasonal transpiration rate was 6.07 mmol·m-2·s-1.（2）The most important factors which influenced the diurnal variation of transpiration rate directly were photosynthetic active radiation and the relative humidity in spring,while those were photosynthetic active radiation and air temperature in summer,and were photosynthetic active radiation,air temperature,intercellular CO2 concentration and the relative humidity in autumn.（3） The carbon fixation capabilities,oxygen release capabilities,transpiration water volume and absorbing quantity of heat of per unit leaf area of D.plumarius in three seasons were 12.16 g·m-2·d-1,8.85 g·m-2·d-1,2480.89 g·m-2·d-1,6065.90 KJ·m-2·d-1 respectively in spring;and 12.46 g·m-2·d-1,9.07 g·m-2·d-1,8283.25 g·m-2·d-1,19940.75 KJ·m-2·d-1in summer;10.29 g·m-2·d-1,7.48 g·m-2·d-1,2102.56 g·m-2·d-1,5098.57 KJ·m-2·d-1in autumn.