地方立法权的范围

The Scope of Local Legislation

各国地方立法的范围都排除了中央立法、中央执行,以及中央立法、中央和地方共同执行的事务,但在有些领域却不甚统一,有的由中央定原则、地方定细则,有的由中央和地方共有。地方立法通常表现为职权立法和授权立法,还有"可中央立法、可地方立法"的模糊地带。在地方立法的类型中,执行性立法是大国不可缺少的,特殊性地方立法是所有国家对个别问题进行调整的手段,普通地方立法往往与一国的民主进程有关。我国地方立法权的总趋势应是"放"而不是"收"。

The affairs under central legislation and central enforcement, and under central legislation and cen- tral-local co-enforcement are excluded from local legislation in all countries. However in some areas there exists diversity. In some countries the central authorities determine principles while local authorities fix detailed rules. In some other countries, central and local authorities share legislation. Local legislation usually appears as functional legislation and delegated legislation, plus a vague area of ＂either central or local legislation. ~＇ Among the types of local legislation, implementary legislation is indispensable for big countries; special local legislation is a means for adjustment of special problems in all countries; and general local legislation is often correlated with a country＇ s process of modernization. The general trend of local legislation in our ＂centralizing. ＂ country should be ＂decentralizing＂ instead of