2006—2010年苏州地区住院儿童急性呼吸道腺病毒感染与气候因素的相关性研究

The relationship of meteorological conditions to the epidemic activity of adenovirus in hospitalized children with acute respiratory infection during 2006 — 2010

目的探讨苏州地区儿童急性呼吸道腺病毒(ADV)感染与气候因素的相关性。方法连续5年对因呼吸道感染而住院的8 197例儿童进行病毒病原学监测。运用直接免疫荧光法检测呼吸道分泌物中ADV抗原,同时收集2006—2010年苏州地区月平均气温、湿度、雨量、日照时间、风速等有关气象资料。采用Spearman检验和逐步回归法研究ADV活性与气候因素的相关性。结果 2006—2010年间,苏州地区呼吸道感染患儿的ADV检出率为1.28%(105/8 197),年检出率分别为0.97%(16/1 646)、0.95%(16/1 682)、1.45%(21/1 444)、1.91%(36/1 883)、1.04%(16/1 542),年度间差异有统计学意义(χ2=9.46,P=0.046)。ADV感染有明显的季节性,好发于夏季(2.73%),其次为春季(1.66%),冬季最低(0.45%)(χ2=45.47,P<0.001)。ADV检出率与月平均气温、日照时间呈正相关,与风速呈负相关性(r=-0.36～0.39,P均<0.05)。经多元逐步回归分析,仅气温对ADV检出率有影响(P=0.01)。结论 ADV是苏州地区儿童呼吸道感染的病毒病原之一,其活性与气候因素关系密切。

Objective To study the relationship of meteorological conditions to the epidemic activity of adenovirus.Methods Samples obtained from 8 197 children hospitalized with acute respiratory tract infections（ARIs）during 2006 to 2010,were tested for adenovirus with direct immunofluorescence assay.Meteorological factors including mean temperature,relative humidity,rainfall amount,duration of sunshine and mean wind velocity were collected monthly.The relationship between activity of adenovirus and metrorological conditions were analyzed by linear regression and Stepwise regression analysis.Results Adenovirus was identified in 1.28% of 8 197 specimens.The positive rates of ADV was varied in different years（χ2 = 9.46,P = 0.046）.There was a distinct seasonality;the positive rate was higher in spring and summer,especially in summer with the rate up to 2.73%（χ2 = 45.47,P 〈 0.001）.ADV activity was positively correlated with mean temperature and duration of sunshine,but negatively correlated with wind velocity.There also existed interrelation between mean temperature and relative humidity for ADV activity,but only the mean temperature has a statistically significant impact on ADV activity.Conclusions ADV plays an important role in respiratory tract infection in children.The epidemic activity of adenovirus is related to meteorological factors.