人骨髓胚胎样干细胞向多核肌纤维诱导分化的研究

Differentiation of embryonic-like stem cells derived from human bone marrow into multinucleated fibers in vitro

目的:比较骨髓来源的胚胎样干细胞(ELSCs)与间充质干细胞(MSCs)的体外成肌分化能力。方法:采用胚胎干细胞扩增用的无血清Knockout-DMEM培养基在明胶包被过的培养瓶中培养人骨髓单个核细胞以分离ELSCs,传统方法从相同骨髓中分离MSCs,倒置相差显微镜下观察细胞形态特征,采用免疫荧光染色鉴定多潜能抗原标志的表达。成肌分化液分别培养ELSCs和MSCs,采用免疫染色法检测肌纤维特异性抗原标志肌球蛋白重链(MHC)、成肌素(myogenin)和MyoD蛋白的表达,RT-PCR检测MHC、myogenin和MyoD mRNA的表达,计算MHC阳性肌纤维的比例以比较ELSCs与MSCs的体外成肌分化能力。结果:无血清培养基可从骨髓中分离到弱表达多潜能抗原标志Oct-4、Nanog-3和Sox-2的ELSCs,体积较小,形态纤细均一,在形态方面不同于相同骨髓来源的MSCs,后者不表达多潜能抗原标志。在成肌分化液中培养,ELSCs和MSCs均可被诱导为在蛋白和mRNA水平表达MHC和myogenin的多核肌纤维,但诱导培养10 d时,ELSCs的MHC蛋白阳性肌纤维的比例为(25.7±4.1)%,MSCs为(15.8±7.6)%,ELSCs的成肌分化能力明显高于MSCs(P<0.05)。结论:骨髓ELSCs能被诱导为多核肌纤维,并具有比来自相同骨髓的MSCs更强的成肌分化能力,ELSCs是肌病治疗更理想的种子细胞。

AIM： To compare the capacity of in vitro differentiation into multinucleated fibers between embryonic-like stem cells （ELSCs） and mesenchymal stem cells （MSCs） derived from human bone marrow. METHODS： To isolate ELSCs, human bone marrow mononuclear cells were cultured in gelatin-coated flask with serum-free Knockout-DMEM medium designed for the expansion of human embryonic stem cells. MSCs were isolated from the same bone marrow by the traditional method. The morphological characters of both ELSCs and MSCs were observed under inverted phase-contrast microscope, and the expression of their multipotent antigen markers was identified by immunofluorescent staining. ELSCs and MSCs were cultured in myogenic differentiation medium. The protein levels of muscle-specific antigen markers myosin heavy chain （MHC）, myogenin and MyoD were detected by the method of immunostaining. The mRNA expression of MHC, myogenin and MyoD was detected by RT-PCR. The capacity of in vitro differentiation into multinucleated fibers was compared between ELSCs and MSCs by calculating the proportion of MHC-positive multinucleated fibers. RESULTS： ELSCs, which weakly expressed the multipotential markers Oct-4, Nanog-3 and Sox-2, were isolated from bone marrow by the method of serum-free medium. ELSCs appeared smaller, slenderer and more homogeneous, and were morphologically different from MSCs derived from the same marrow. No multipotential marker in MSCs was expressed. ELSCs and MSCs were induced into long multinucleated fibers expressing MHC and myogenin at mRNA and protein levels by culturing in the myogenic differentiation medium. However, on the 10th day after induction, the proportion of the MHC-positive fibers in ELSCs was （25.7？4.1）%, and the proportion in MSCs was （15.8？7.6）%.The capacity for differentiation into muscle in ELSCs was significantly higher than that in MSCs （P〈0.05）. CONCLUSION： Bone marrow ELSCs are induced into multinucleated fibers and have the stronger myogenic differentiation capacity than MSCs derived from the same marrow. ELSCs are a more ideal candidate for muscular disease therapy.