3Lumaan S,Nida N,Umair K,et al. Evaluation of compli-ance and outcomes of a management protocol for massivepostpartum hemorrhage at a tertiary care hospital in Pak-istan [J], BMC Pregnancy Childbirth,2011,11 :28.
4Lombaard H, Pattinson RC. Common errors and remediesin managing postpartum haemorrhage [J]. Best Pract ResClin Obstetrics Gynaecology,2009,23 (3) : 317-326.
5Claudio G,Fernando A,Jose M,et al. Risk Factors for Post-partum Hemorrhage in Vaginal Deliveries in a Latin-Amer-ican Population [J], Obstet Gynecol,2009,113 (6) : 1313-1319.
6Le Ray C,Fraser W,Rozenberg P,et al. Duration of pas-sive and active phases of the second stage of labour andrisk of severe postpartum haemorrhage in low-risk nulli-parous women [J]. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol,2011,158(2):167-172.
7Sangkomkamhang U, Pattanittum P, Laopaiboon M,et al.Mode delivery and of outcomes in preterm births [J]. JMed Assoc Thai,2011,94(4) :415-420.
8Rossen J,Okland I,Nilsen OB’et al. Is there an increaseof postpartum hemorrhage, and is severe hemorrhageassociated with more frequent use of obstetric interven-tions. [J]. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand,2010,89 (10):1248-1255.
9Combs CA, Laros RK . Factors associated with postpartum hemorrhge with viginal bleeding[J]. Obstet Gynecol, 1991, 77:69-76..
10Smith J. Postpartum hemorrhage[EB/OL]. Avalable at:http:∥emedicine. medscape.com/article/275038-overview..