检测巯基物质的光学探针研究进展

Progress in spectroscopic probes for thiols

巯基物质是生物体内主要的抗氧化剂,并以多种形式广泛存在.定量检测巯基物质在生化研究和相关疾病诊断方面意义突出.目前,利用高选择性、高灵敏度的光学探针开展巯基物质的检测研究已成为前沿课题之一.其中,荧光探针由于能够实现活体的原位、实时成像尤其受到关注.本文基于光学探针与巯基物质(主要包括谷胱甘肽、半胱氨酸和高半胱氨酸)的不同反应机理,就近年来该领域的研究新进展做了较系统的评述.所涉及的反应机理主要有:双键的麦克尔加成、苯环的亲核取代、金属的配位络合、巯基物质参与的氧化反应和成环反应、以及静电作用等.此外,还讨论了检测巯基物质的光学探针存在的问题,并展望了其发展趋势与应用前景.

Thiols, which exist widely in various forms in organisms, are principal antioxidants. Their detection is of great significance for biochemical studies and the diagnosis of related diseases. At present, the development of highly selective and sensitive spectroscopic probes for thiols has become a research focus, among which fluorescence spectrometry has attracted much attention because of its high time and spatial resolution capability. Herein, on the basis of different reaction mechanisms between spectroscopic probes and thiols （mainly including glutathione, cysteine and homocysteine）, we review the recent research progress of this field systematically. The reaction mechanisms involved are Michael addition to double bond, aromatic nucleophilic substitution, metal complexation and coordination, thiol-related oxidation and cyclization, as well as electrostatic interactions. Moreover, the existing problems, the developing trends and prospects of spectroscopic probes for thiols have been discussed.