从沃尔夫林到克利夫·贝尔——现代西方艺术研究中的形式主义方法

From Heinrich Wolfflin to Clive Bell——Approach of Formalism in the Research of Modern West Art

形式主义是现代西方艺术研究的重要方法之一,它专注于作品的形式、手法和风格等问题的阐释。沃尔夫林在《艺术史原理》一书中用"线描与图绘"、"平面与纵深"、"封闭的形与开放的形"、"多样性与统一性"和"绝对清晰与相对清晰"这五对风格范畴总结了文艺复兴向巴洛克艺术的转化。弗莱和贝尔的形式主义针对二十世纪的现代主义运动,弗莱把形式创造看成是艺术的最高成就,极力推崇塞尚等后印象主义画家;贝尔用"有意味的形式"概括一切艺术的共有品质,其"有意味的形式"的含义在于线条、色彩的组合和安排。从这一立场出发,贝尔把形式主义理论推向了极端。

Formalism is an important approach of research modern west art,which concerns on interpretation of questions like work’s form,method and style.Heinrich Wolfflin in his Principles of Art History concludes the turn from Renaissance to Baroque art through 5 style paradigms,'Linear and Painterly','Plane and Recession','Closed and Open Form','Multitude and Unity',and 'Clearness and Unclearness'.Formalism of Roger Fry and Clive Bell was concerned to modernist movement in the 20th century.Fry took formal creation as the highest achievement of art,and praised highly post-impressionists such as Paul Cézanne;Bell used 'significant form' to summarize the common character of all art,and thought that the 'significant form' lay in composition and plan of lines and colours.Thus,Bell pushed formalist theory to the extreme.