婴幼儿气质的发展特点研究

Developmental characteristic of infant and toddler temperament

目的:追踪研究婴幼儿的气质发展特点。方法:采用Rothbart等编制的气质问卷,以410名婴幼儿为对象,由母亲报告6、14个月婴幼儿的气质特征,研究6～14个月期间婴幼儿气质的发展特点。结果:6个月时,男孩的微笑和大笑显著多于女孩,恐惧显著少于女孩;14个月时,男孩的受限后沮丧显著多于女孩。在6～14个月期间,婴幼儿的活动性水平、微笑和大笑显著减少;受限后沮丧和恐惧则显著增多。6个月的气质与14个月的气质显著正相关,相关系数在0.35～0.40之间。结论:婴幼儿气质的性别差异随发展阶段而异。在6～14个月期间,气质各维度的绝对水平呈现不同的发展模式,婴幼儿气质呈现中等程度的相对稳定性。

Objective： The present study aimed to explore the developmental characteristics of children temperament during infant period and the beginning of toddler period. Methods： 410 infants aged at 6 months and toddlers aged at 14 months were recruited. Their temperament was reported by their mothers with the Infant Behavior Questionnaire at each time point. Results： Boys at 6 months showed higher scores in smiling and laughter and lower scores in fear than girls, and boys at 14 months showed higher scores in distress to limitations than girls. From 6 to 14 months,activity level, smiling and laughter were decreased while fear and distress to limitations were increased. The infants＇ temperament showed significantly positive correlation with the toddlers＇ temperament and the correlation coefficients ranged 0. 35 -0. 40. Conclusion： The gender difference in temperament varied with infants＇ developmental stage. When infants grew from 6 to 14 months, the temperament showed moderate stability.