光动力学原理及其在胆管癌治疗的应用

Principle of photodynamic therapy and its application in the treatment of cholangiocarcinoma

光动力学治疗(photodynamic therapy,PDT)是利用光敏剂在肿瘤组织中的选择性摄取和聚集,并在激发光源的作用下发生光动力学效应产生活性氧簇,进而通过直接氧化杀伤肿瘤细胞;破坏肿瘤微血管,导致血栓形成、肿瘤坏死;激发免疫反应以及诱导肿瘤细胞凋亡等方式杀伤肿瘤组织的治疗方法。PDT作为胆管癌治疗的一种新方法,已经在临床研究及应用过程中得到了肯定。对于不可手术切除的肿瘤患者,无论是PDT单独应用还是与支架置入联合应用,都可以显著延长患者的生存期,有效地改善局部胆道梗阻症状,提高患者生存质量。

The mechanism of photodynamic therapy is to utilize the photosensitizer, which can be selectively extracted and aggregated in tumor tissues to occur photodynamic effect, and produce lots of reactive oxygen species under the action of specified wavelength of laser. The reactive oxygen species can destroy tumor mierovascular and induce thrombosis and tumor necrosis through oxidatively destructing tumor cells. Photodynamic therapy is a new way of palliative treatment for cholangioeareinoma, and its effect has already been confirmed by clinic researches and applications. To patients with unresectable cholangiocarcinoma, whether photodynamic therapy alone or photodynamic therapy combined with stenting can effectively improve the symptoms of biliary obstruction, significantly prolong survival of the patients.and enhance quality of patients＇ life.