新疆地区汉族、维吾尔族和哈萨克族人群血脂水平分布流行病学调查

Epidemiological survey on lipid levels in adults with Han, Uygur and Kazakh ethnicities from Xinjiang, China

目的探讨新疆地区汉族、维吾尔（维）族和哈萨克（哈）族成年人群甘油三酯（TG）、总胆固醇（TC）、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇（HDL—C）和低密度脂蛋白胆固醇（LDL—C）的分布及血脂异常患病率。方法应用四阶段整群随机抽样法，抽取新疆7个市（州、地区）〉35岁人群样本，统计3个民族间不同年龄组、不同性别人群的血脂分布及血脂异常率。结果（1）新疆地区TG水平汉族人群最高，哈族人群最低，均值分别为（1．72±1．45）mmol／L和（1．21±0．93）mmol／L（F=209．272，P=0．000）；TC水平哈族人群最高，维族人群最低，均值分别为（4．78±1．16）mmol／L和（4．37±1．13）mmol／L（F=168．796，P=0．000）；HDL-C与LDL-C水平均是哈族人群最高，汉族与维族人群水平相当，HDL．C水平在哈族与汉族（P=0．000）、维族（P=0．001）之间差异均有统计学意义，而LDL-C水平在3个民族间差异均无统计学意义（F-=2．241，P〉0．05）。（2）汉族、维族人群TG水平均在45—54岁年龄组达高峰，后随年龄增长而下降；TC水平总体随年龄增长呈上升趋势，在55～74岁达到平台期后开始下降；HDL-C水平总体随年龄增长呈下降趋势，LDL-C水平随年龄呈波浪式分布。（3）汉族、维族和哈族的TG水平均是男性高于女性，汉族、维族男性TC水平低于同民族女性；汉族、哈族男性HDL．C、LDL-C均值低于同民族女性。（4）汉族、维族、哈族TG异常率分别为35．12％、32．57％和16．44％，TC异常率分别为27．83％、17．05％和33．43％，HDL．C异常分别为32．68％、31．73％和28．72％，LDL—C异常率分别为36．95％、37．02％和38．00％。结论新疆地区汉族、维族人群呈“高TG、低HDL-C”，哈族人群呈“低TG、高TC、HDL-C、LDL-C”血脂分布特点；TG分布在年龄、民族、性别间存在差异，而LDL-C水平分布无差异。新疆地区人群的血脂异常率高于国内平均水平。应重视汉族、维族年轻男性人群血脂异常的防治。

Objective To investigate the prevalence rates of triglyceride, total cholesterol, high density lipoprotein cholesterol, low density lipoprotein cholesterol in Han, Uygur and Kazakh populations aged over 35 years, in Xinjiang area. Methods A four-stage randomly selected samples were used to analyze the prevalence rates of lipid levels in different nationalities, ages, sexes based on data from 7 areas in Xinjiang. Results （ 1 ） TG levels in Xinjiang appeared to be the highest in Han and lowest in Kazakh ethnicities with the means as （1.72±1.45 ）mmol/L, （1.21±0.93） mmot/L （F= 209.272, P=0.000） respectively. The highest TC levels were seen in Kazakh with the lowest seen in Uygur, with means as （4.78 ± 1.16） mmol/L, （4.37 ± 1.13） mmol/L （F=168.796, P=0.000） respectively. Both HDL-C and LDL-C levels in Kazakh were the highest but remained the same level in Han and Uygur. （2） The value of TG reached the peak at age 45 to 54 in Han and Uygur, and then descending along with ageing. The overall TC level increased along with age but the HDL-C levelgenerally declined with ageing. The LDL-C level showed a waving distribution along with the increase of age. （3） The TG levels were seen higher in men than in women among Han, Uygur and Kazakh but the TC levels of Hart and Uygur were lower in men than in women. Both HDL-C and LDL-C levels were also lower in Han and Kazakh males than in females. （4） The prevalence rates of abnormalities were 35.12%, 32.57% and 16.44% on TG; 27.83%, 17.05% and 33.43% on TC; 32.68%, 31.73% and 28.72% HDL-C;36.95%, 37.02% and 38.00% on LDL-C, respectively. Conclusion People with Han and Uygur ethnicities in Xinjiang region had high TG, but low HDL-C distribution of blood lipids while the Kazakh had low TG, high TC, high HDL-C, high LDL-C blood lipids distribution. The distributions of TG levels were different in age, nationality and sex, except the distribution of LDL-C levels. More attention should be paid to the young men of Hart and Uygur on prevention of dyslipidemia, in Xinjiang.