大学生创业技能要素模型研究

A Conceptual Model of the Elements of University Students′Entrepreneurial Skills

高校创业教育既要培养学生的创新思维和创业意识,也要培养学生创业过程中的各种技能。目前,创业技能薄弱已经成为阻碍我国大学生创业的重要原因之一,有必要厘清创业技能的核心要素,从而为有效开展高校创业教育提供借鉴。本文通过文献回顾和专家访谈,指出大学生创业技能要素具有层次结构,并由此构建大学生创业技能要素的"金字塔模型"。该模型底部是创业基础技能,包括创造力、问题解决能力和决策力;模型顶部是创业操作技能,包括机会技能、资源整合技能、创业管理技能以及专业技能。

Entrepreneurship education in higher education institutions should cultivate not only studentsr innovation and entrepreneurial mindsets, but also their entrepreneurial skills needed in the process of entrepreneurship. Nowadays, the lack of entrepreneurial skills has become the fundamental obstacle that hinders university studentsr entrepreneurial activities. Based on expert interviews and literature review, this paper proposes a ＂pyramid model＂ which views entrepreneurial skills as a hierarchical construct. At the bottom of this pyramid model are ＂entrepreneurial basic skills＂, including creativity, problem-solving and decision making; at the top of it are ＂entrepreneurial practical skills＂, including opportunity skill, resource marshaling skill, entrepreneurial management skill and professional skill.