尿素合成塔爆破原因分析综述

REVIEW OF THE EXPLOSION REASON ANALYSIS OF UREA REACTORS

尿素合成塔是尿素装置的核心设备,是典型的高温高压容器,其爆破事故会给化肥企业带来重大人员伤亡和经济损失。回顾总结世界范围内尿素合成塔的爆破案例和当时的事故失效分析报告,分类综述国内外关于尿素合成塔爆破原因的认识进展,提出大型压力容器爆破过程反演和爆破原因溯源,进行小比例尿素合成塔模型试验研究,是解决尿素合成塔爆破原因分歧的有效手段之一。一旦搞清尿素合成塔发生灾难性事故的原因,便可以相应地提出防范尿素合成塔爆破的有效措施。

The urea reactor is a key vessel in a urea synthesis unit. It is a typical vessel with high pressure and temperature. The urea plant will bear a serious economic loss and the workers may be killed or injured in an explosion accident. The explosion cases and the failure analysis report of urea reactors are reviewed. An overview of research progress in explosion reason analysis of urea reactors is made according to their failure mode. The explosion procedure inversion and explosion reason traceability method for large pressure vessel under complex working condition and the small-scale model test of the urea reactor explosion are proposed,which can be used for clarifying the dispute on the explosion reason of the urea reactor. Once the urea reactor catastrophic explosion reasons are clarified, the corresponding effective prevention methods can be proposed.