医护人员工作倦怠与生活质量关系

Relationship between job burnout and quality of life in doctors and nurses

目的了解医院医护人员工作倦怠与生活质量的关系,为采取干预措施提供参考依据。方法采用整群随机抽样方法对在广东省东莞市抽取的4所镇区二级医院的381名医护人员进行问卷调查。结果医护人员马斯勒职业倦怠问卷(MBI-HSS)中情感衰竭、去个性化和成就感维度得分分别为(17.06±10.30)、(4.83±3.18)和(33.6±29.81)分,其中医生的得分分别为(17.10±11.76)、(5.26±4.76)和(32.82±10.96)分,与护士的(17.01±10.90)、(4.44±3.79)和(34.32±10.66)分比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05);医护人员生活质量综合评定问卷-74(GQOLI-74)中躯体功能、心理功能、社会功能和物质生活维度得分分别为(68.76±12.43)、(64.88±13.35)、(63.97±10.51)和(65.44±11.91)分;医生躯体功能和心理功能维度得分以及经济状况、睡眠与精力、躯体不适感、进食功能、性功能、精神紧张度、负性情感、正性情感、认知功能、自尊因子得分均高于护士(P<0.05);医护人员工作倦怠中情感衰竭得分与生活质量中总体生活质量因子、社会功能维度及其5个因子得分均呈负相关关系(P<0.01);工作倦怠中去人格化维度得分与生活质量中总体生活质量因子、躯体功能维度的运动与感觉功能因子、社会功能维度及其5个因子得分均呈负相关关系(P<0.05);工作倦怠中成就感维度得分与总体生活质量因子、社会功能维度及其5个因子得分均呈正相关关系(P<0.01),与生活质量中物质生活维度及其生活环境因子得分均呈负相关关系(P<0.05)。结论医护人员的工作倦怠主要影响其社会功能的生活质量。

Objective To study job burnout and quality of life in doctors and nurses and to provide basis for intervention measures.Methods With cluster random sampling method,381 doctors and nurses were selected and tested with Maslash Burnout Inventory-Human Service Survey（MBI-HSS） and Generic Quality of Life Inventory-74（GQOLI-74）.Results The score of emotional exhaustion,inhumanity,and low achievement was 17.06±10.30,4.83±3.18,and 33.6±29.81 for all subjects,17.10±11.76,5.26±4.76,and 32.82±10.96 for the doctors and 17.01±10.90,4.44±3.79,and 34.32±10.66 for the nunses without significant differences between the doctors and nurses（P0.05 for all）.The score of somatic function,mental function,social function,and material life was 71.11±12.65,66.68±11.88,68.02±13.22,and 62.10±12.87 for the doctors and 63.42±9.95,64.47±10.97,65.86±13.11,and 65.07±10.75 for the nurses,respectively.The doctors had higher scores in somatic function,mental function,and economic status（P0.05） than the nurses.The emotional exhaustion was inversely correlated with social function（P0.01） and the inhumanity was inversely correlated with social function and motor and sensory function（P0.05）.The achievement was inversely correlated with environment factor（r=-0.118,P0.05） and positively correlated with somatic function（P0.01）.Conclusion The job burnout affects the social function dimension of the quality of life among doctors and nurses.