不同人群艾滋病知识获取及心理需求方式评价

Manners of knowledge acquisition and psychological needs about AIDS among different populations

目的了解不同目标人群获得艾滋病防治知识的方式和心理需求方式及其一致性现况,探讨健康教育的适宜方式和模式,为制定艾滋病健康教育策略和措施提供参考依据。方法自行设计艾滋病防治不同目标人群艾滋病知识获取方式和心理需求方式6套调查问卷,获有效样本5 854人。结果一般人群艾滋病知识前5种获取方式依次为电视、报刊书、广播、网络、学校教育,心理需求方式依次为电视、报刊书、广播、网络、宣传资料;重点人群获取方式依次为电视、报刊书、网络、宣传画、广播,心理需求方式依次为报刊书籍、电视、宣传栏、广播、宣传资料;高危人群获取方式依次为电视、报刊书、宣传资料、网络、Vct门诊,心理需求方式依次为电视、网络、报刊书、宣传资料、艾防员宣讲;前5种获取方式和心理需求方式分别覆盖总目标人群的32%～92%;不同目标人群艾滋病知识获取方式和心理需求方式不尽一致,一般人群获取方式与心理需求方式一致性为50%～90%,明显好于重点人群45%～70%和高危人群35%～70%,一致性水平与知识知晓水平呈正相关。结论不同目标人群艾滋病知识获取方式和心理需求方式不尽一致,应针对不同目标人群心理需求方式选择适宜的健康教育方式,据此提出了3类目标人群健康教育较适宜的方式和四种模式框架。

Objective To examine the manners of knowledge acquisition and psychological needs aboiut AIDS and their conformity among different target populations,and to provide reference for establishing appropriate health education models on AIDS.Methods With stratfied cluster random sampling,5 894 peopple aged 15-59 years were selected from general population and populations at high risk of AIDS in 8 cities of Jiangsu province and surveyed with a self-designed questionnaire.Results In the general population and focus population,the major manners of knowledge acquisttion and psychological needs about AIDS were television,newspapers and books,broadcast,internet,lectures in the school,and publicity materials.In the population at high risk of AIDS,voluntary counseling and testing was the fifth major mamer for acquisition of AIDS knowledge and the propaganda from the staff engaged in AIDS control was the fifth major psychological need.The conformity between the resources of knowledge acquisition and psychological neesds about AIDS was 50%-90% in the general population and obviously higher than that of focus population（45%-70%） and high risk population（35%-70%）.The conformity was positively correlated with the level of AIDS knowledge.Conclusion The manners of knowledge acquisition and psychological needs about AIDS are different among different target populations and appropriate method of health education on AIDS should be selected based on the characteristics of the population.