市场化程度对自主创新配置效率的影响——基于Cost-Malmquist指数的高技术产业行业面板数据分析

Effect of Marketization on Indigenous Innovation Allocation Efficiency:Panel Data Analysis of Research on Chinese High-tech Industries Based on Cost-Malmquist Index

在中国经济转型特定的制度环境中,内、外开放两种不同的市场导入机制对创新资源配置效率的影响完全不同。本文从创新结构红利的成本视角采用三阶段Cost-Malmquist指数法将中国高技术产业整体、内资和外资部门的自主创新资源配置效率拆分为分配效率(企业家要素组合的效率)和价格前沿的变化,得出:我国内资部门企业家要素组合能力不断提升,却面临更加扭曲的要素价格约束,导致创新资源配置效率提高受限并影响了结构红利的获得。用动态面板数据模型验证市场化程度对自主创新配置效率的影响得到:第一,政府的税收掠夺显著增强整体和内资部门长、短期的成本约束,使要素价格逼近边际成本前沿面,提高了创新资源配置效率,但以企业家组合资源效率的损失为代价;政府直接资金扶持仅具有短期效应,长期则加大要素价格扭曲、负向影响创新资源配置效率;第二,较之于对外开放,对内开放程度显著缓解了内资部门要素价格扭曲,使要素价格逼近边际成本前沿面,有利提高自主创新资源配置效率,并具有长期效应。对外开放程度只能短期提高企业家的要素组合效率、无长期效应;第三,金融、信贷市场和技术市场发育程度无论长、短期均显著缓解要素市场价格扭曲、使要素价格逼近边际成本前沿面,显著提升企业家的要素组合效率,提高了自主创新配置效率。

In Chinese economic transformation specific institutional environment,the influence of Internal and external opening market mechanism on innovation allocation efficiency is totally different.On the cost perspective of innovative structure bonus,this paper using three stage Cost-Malmquist index method decomposed the innovation allocation efficiency into allocative efficiency（entrepreneurs elements combination,Short for Aec） and price efficiency changes（short for PE）,based on the data of Chinese High-tech different departments.Results shows： the elements combination ability to continuously ascension,but face more distorted elements in domestic,which restrict the innovation allocation efficiency improving and structure bonus obtaining.Using the dynamic panel data model validate marketization influence on allocation efficiency of endogenous innovation,the results show： First,the government’s taxation enhance the constraint of long-term and short-term cost and make elements prices nearing marginal cost frontier,but on the cost of the elements combination ability dissension.The government directly fund support has only a short-term effect.Second,compared with external opening,internal openness significant easing domestic department price distortions,and improving innovation allocation efficiency through approximation marginal cost frontier price which have long-term effects.Third,Both financial and technology markets are significantly reduced elements distorted whether long-term and short-term,by makeing elements prices nearing marginal cost frontier,improve the efficiency of entrepreneurs.