试论西贝尔的史学观念

On Sybel's Idea of History

本文试图从史料批判、连续性原则和政治观念三方面来探讨德国历史学家西贝尔构建的历史—政治史学观念体系,同时说明这种史学观念不但植根于德意志文化之中,更是针对当时的社会政治问题提出的一种解决方案。在这一体系中,西贝尔强调现实在认识历史中的重要作用,号召历史学家投身社会实践,在历史认识和生命实践之间的不断互动中,对历史进程进行不断的重新理解,由此而化解历史的客观性与历史知识的主观性之间的矛盾,从而体现出历史学对于社会和个人的价值。

The author in this paper tries to interpret the ＂history - politics system＂ of German historian, Heinrieh yon Sybel, in terms of historical documents, principle of continuity and political ideas. She argues that Sybel＇ s theory of history, which was rooted in German culture, was a solution to political problems of the contemporary society. Sybel emphasized the importance of reality in understanding history, therefore appealed to the historians to participate in the social practice, to reinterpret the historical process in the interactive process of historical cognition and life practice, and finally to solve the contradiction between the objectivity of past and the subjectivity of historical knowledge.