秦蜀茶马古道考述

An Exploration and Account of Ancient Tea Route during Qin and Shu Periods

茶马古道是人类历史上极为重要的文化遗产。从历史文献资料来看,除了西南的滇藏道、川滇道、川藏道、岷山道外,从四川通往陕甘地区之间也存在着一条极其重要的茶马古道,即秦蜀道。秦蜀道始自今四川省成都市(古称蜀),终止于今甘肃省天水市(古称秦州),由主干线和若干条支线构成,官府在道路沿线设立有各类管理机构,严查茶马走私;秦蜀道是西南茶叶输送至西北的最早的商道,在两宋时期,大规模的茶马交易主要发生在陕、甘地区,明代是我国历史上茶马互市的黄金时期,也是秦蜀道最兴盛、最繁荣的时期,承担了四川、汉中及湖南等地同陕西、甘肃、宁夏、青海番地茶马交易的主要任务,成为当时最重要的茶马商道;秦蜀道干线及支线所经路线主要在甘肃陇南地区境内,徽县火钻镇为明代巡茶御史的官署之地,负责监管全国养马苑圉和茶马交易,成为全国茶马交易的管理中心。因此,秦蜀道不但是历代最重要的一条茶马古道,而且是真正意义上的由官方监督管理的"以茶易马"的茶马古道。

Ancient tea route is a very significant cultural heritage in human history.Based on historical documents,a very important tea route between Sichuan and Gansu existed,which starts from Chengdu and ends in Tianshui.Along the route different administrative institutions were established.During Song and Ming Dynasties large scales of tea trades occurred around these places.This tea route—Qin-Shu Route—is one of the most important tea routes through history,And also a tea route supervised by the government in its true sense.