中国制度变迁的演进论解释

The Institutional Change of China in an Evolutionary Perspective

:本文在哈耶克的社会秩序二元观的基础上 ,提出一个分析中国制度变迁的初步的演进论框架 ,然后证明 ,中国的改革过程交织着政府选择外部规则和社会成员选择内部规则的双重秩序演化路径 ,前者是表面上的主线 ,实际的主线则是后者 ;并且两种规则之间的冲突与协调贯穿整个制度变迁过程 ,在这个过程中 ,中央政府更多地起法官裁决作用 ,而地方政府更多地从事制度企业家活动。总的来看 ,改革经历了政府逐步退出直接的制度创新领域及外部规则逐步缩减作用范围的过程 ,也就是内部规则的逐步发育和强大的过程 ,这是中国市场化的本质。

An analysis frame of institutional change of China in an evolutionary perspective is advanced,which is based on Hayek's theory about the evolution of the order of society.It is shown that there are two evolutionary paths of the order of society during China's economic transition,one is that cosmos has been chosen by government,and the other is that taxis has been chosen by the public.The institutions and rules in China have been evolved from the contradiction and coordination between taxis and cosmos,and the evolution of taxis plays a more and more important role in the transition.In fact the central government acts as a judge,and local governments carry out institutional innovations as entrepreneurs.The essence of the institutional change in China is that the role of cosmos has been gradually weakened,and the role of taxis has been gradually intensified.