细辛不同提取物对小鼠急性毒性实验的比较研究

Experimental Comparison Study on Mice's Acute Toxicity of Different Composition in Asarum

目的探讨细辛不同提取物对小鼠急性毒性的影响。方法制备细辛挥发油提取物组、超临界提取物组、水提取物组,采用经典的急性毒性实验方法进行细辛不同组分小鼠急性毒性比较研究。结果小鼠的主要急性毒性症状:抽搐、精神不振、呼吸急促等,死亡多集中在用药后12h之内;用药后24h未死亡小鼠的精神、食欲都逐渐恢复,继续观察14d个别小鼠死亡。细辛挥发油提取物、超临界提取物LD50以及95%的可信区间分别为86.9g.kg-1.d-(162.2～120.8g.kg-1.d-1)、7.4g.kg-1.d-(16.3～8.7g.kg-1.d-1);细辛水提取物未测出LD50,其最大灌胃量(MLD)为30g.kg-1.d-1,相当于临床70kg的成人每公斤体重日用量的76.92倍。结论细辛不同组分对小鼠急性毒性强度为:细辛超临界组>细辛挥发油组>细辛水提取物组,细辛水提取物给予较大剂量,仍没有发现明显的毒性反应,具有较高的安全性,为今后临床上煎剂中使用大剂量的细辛提供了一定的实验支持。

Objective To explore the acute toxicity of different components in Asarum on mice. Methods Respectively prepared Asarum volatile oil groups, supercritical fluid extraction groups and the water extraction groups. To compare the acute toxicity of different components in Asarum on mice in accordance with classical acute toxicity test methods. Results The main acute toxicity symptoms and signs are convulsions, dispirited and breathlessness. The mouse death was centralized from 12 hours after medication. 24 hours after medication, spirit and anorexia were recovered gradually in the survival mice, and had little mice died in the next 14 days. The LDs0 and 95% confidence limit of volatile oil and supercritical fluid extraction in Asarum are respectively 86.9g kg-1 d-1 （62.2-120.8g kg-1 d-1） and 7.4g kg-1 d-1 （6.3-8.7g kg-1 d-1）; the water extraction groups are unable to make LD50, the MLD are 30g kg-1 d-1, which are equal to 76.92 times of70kg adult＇s daily dried medicinal herb expenses. Conclusion The acute toxicity of different components in Asarum on mice is as follows： supercritical fluid extraction groups 〉 volatile oil groups 〉 the water extraction groups, the water extraction given in higher dosage is no obvious intraocular toxic reaction and has a higher security. This study might further provide some experimental basis for the clinical application of Asanlm on a high dosage in decoction.