喷淋对宿舍火灾特性影响的数值模拟

Study on influence of water sprinkler on fire characteristic parameters in dormitory fire based on numerical simulation

高等院校学生宿舍人员密集、火灾荷载大,是消防安全管理的重点单位。利用FDS对典型学生宿舍火灾进行全尺寸模拟,设置有无水喷淋装置两种火灾场景。对比分析模拟结果,得出水喷淋作用前后监测点烟气温度、CO体积分数和能见度等火灾特性参数的变化规律。研究表明,喷淋作用后能有效地抑制烟气温度的升高,并能把烟气控制在顶棚附近,降低其向非火灾区域蔓延的速度,最后针对学生宿舍特点提出了有效的防火设计方案,为学校的消防管理决策提供有力依据。

Because of the crowded people and the big fire load, the dormitory is the important unit of the fire safety management. The study on the full size simulation of the typical dormitory with or without water sprinklers was conducted by FDS. From the results of the two scenics simulation, the change rules of the smoke temperature, volume fraction of CO and visibility were obtanined. It showed that, acting of the water sprinklers can restrain the temperature increasing, control the full gas near the ceiling, and reduce the spread speed of the gas. Finally the fire control plan was proposed to provide bases for the fire management.