HAZOP、LOPA和SIL方法的应用分析

The application of HAZOP,LOPA and SIL analytical method

通过概括介绍危险与可操作性分析(HAZOP)、保护层分析(LOPA)和安全完整性等级分析(SIL)三种方法的特点,总结三种分析方法之间的关系。LOPA分析是HAZOP分析的继续,可以解决HAZOP分析中残余风险不能定量化的不足,是对HAZOP分析结果的丰富和补充;SIL分析则在LOPA分析的基础上,进一步对需要增加的安全仪表系统(SIS)进行设计,并对LOPA分析结果进行验证,即HAZOP、LOPA分析是SIL分析的前期准备工作。因此,在详细介绍SIS的组成、安全生命周期阶段、SIL的选择确定方法以及SIL分析流程之前,也简要介绍了HAZOP、LOPA分析方法,梳理了两种方法的分析流程。最后通过引入示例来展示三种分析方法之间的关系。

The relationship of three methods was summarized through overview on the characteristic of Hazard and Operability Analysis （HAZOP）, Layers of Protection Analysis （LOPA） and Safety Integrity Level Analysis （SIL）. Based on the results of HAZOP analysis, the LOPA can solve the deficiency of HAZOP that the residual risk can＇ t be quantified, it is the enrichment and supplement to the HAZOP analysis results. The SIL analysis can design the Safety Instrumented System （SIS） of needed in detail and proof the LOPA analysis results. It means that the HAZOP and LOPA analysis methods are the preparation for the SIL analysis. So, first of all, the characteristics of HAZOP and LOPA methods were introduced briefly, the analysis procedure was specified. Then, the composition of Safety Instrumented System, the stage of Safety Life Cycle, the determination methods of SIL and the procedure of SIL analysis were introduced in detail. In the end, the relationship of HAZOP, LOPA and SIL was demonstrated through an example.