广州地区听障儿童自我意识状况调查研究

Investigation on the Self-concept of Hearing Impaired Children in Guangzhou

目的了解广州地区听觉障碍儿童的自我意识状况。方法采用Piers-Harrisr儿童自我意识量表对广州某聋人学校的93名在校听觉障碍儿童进行测量及分析。结果①广州地区听障儿童17～20岁年龄段学生的自我意识总分显著高于13～16岁年龄段、10～12岁年龄段(F=2.753,P<0.05);在不同性别比较中,女生的合群分值显著高于男生(t=3.377,P<0.001);②与中国儿童常模相比,广州地区听障儿童的智力与学校分值显著较高(t=2.655,P<0.01),而行为、合群分值以及总分则低于中国儿童常模(t=3.992,P<0.001,t=2.935,P<0.01,t=2.200,P<0.05)。与湖南听障儿童相比,广州听障儿童在行为、智力与学校情况、焦虑、合群、幸福与满足分值以及自我意识总分均显著高于湖南听障儿童(t=3.673,P<0.001,t=2.016,P<0.05;t=3.596,5.751,4.195,4.936;P<0.001)。结论广州地区听障儿童自我意识总体状况与健康儿童相比有一定差距,但优于湖南地区听障儿童。广州地区听障男生存在较多自我意识问题。

Objective To explore the self-concept of hearing impaired children in Guangzhou.Method A total of 93 hearing impaired children in the deaf school of Guangzhou were measured by means of Piers-Harris Children’s Self-Concept Scale.Result ①The total self-concept scores of hearing impaired students during 17 to 20 were significantly higher than those of students during 13 to 16 and 10 to12.There was significant gender difference in popularity which girls’ scores were better than boys’（t=3.377,P〈0.001）.②Compared with normal children in China,the intellectual and school scores of the hearing impaired children in Guangzhou area were higher significantly（t=2.655,P〈0.01）,while the scores in behavior,popularity and total were lower（t=3.992,P〈0.001,t=2.935,P〈0.01,t=2.200,P〈0.05）.Compared with hearing impaired children in Hunan,hearing impaired children’s self-concept scores in behavior,intellect and school state,anxiety,popularity,happiness,satisfaction and the total score were higher in Guangzhou（t=3.673,P〈0.001,t=2.016,P〈0.05;t=3.596,5.751,4.195,4.936;P〈0.001）.Conclusion The self-concept of hearing impaired children in Guangzhou are generally not as good as normal children,but better than hearing impaired children in Hunan area.The hearing impaired boys in Guangzhou have more problems with self-concept.