初一学生入学适应影响因素分析

Analysis on Factors Influencing the Adjustment for Junior Middle School Frosh

目的检验影响初一学生入学适应的相关因素。方法采用自编入学适应问卷、Rosenberg自尊量表、艾森克人格问卷(儿童版)、来自双亲的影响及对双亲的意识测查问卷对185名初一学生包括寄宿与否、性别、是否为独生子女及家庭经济状况4个方面的信息进行了抽样调查。结果总体上,入学适应在是否寄宿、男女性别、是否为独生子女及家庭经济地位高低的对比上没有显著性差异,但非寄宿学生与寄宿学生相比在人际适应方面存在更多问题(t=1.99,P<0.05),女生比男生在环境适应方面存在更多问题(t=3.48,P<0.01)。相关分析表明自尊、来自双亲的精神支持,来自双亲的人生观、思维方式的影响,以母亲作为人生楷模与入学适应负相关,精神质、神经质、来自双亲的精神压力与入学适应正相关,多元逐步回归分析发现神经质、精神质、来自父亲的压力和来自父亲人生观、思维方式的影响进入回归模型(R=0.55,F=19.93,P<0.001),4个变量可解释入学适应总变异的31%。结论人格特征、亲子关系对初一学生入学适应具有预测作用。

Objective To test several factors influencing adjustment for junior middle school frosh.Methods A total of 185 frosh completed the assessment of the Adjustment Questionnaire for Frosh（compiled by ourselves）,Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale,Eysenck Personality Questionnaire（for children） and a questionnaire aimed to invest parentage,other information including their gender,family economic status,whether they were boarder or single child was also gathered.Results In general,there were no differences in adjustment between boarder and non-boarder,male and female,single child and more than one,high and low family economic,however,it was found that the score of interpersonal adjustment problem in non-boarder frosh was higher than in boarders（t=1.99,P〈0.05）,and the score of environmental adjustment problem in females was higher than that in males（t=3.48,P〈0.01）;it was also found that self-esteem,spiritual support from parents,influence from parents’ philosophy and mode of thinking,holding up mother as model correlated negatively with adjustment problem,while neuroticism,psychoticism,pressure from parents correlated positively with adjustment problem;multiple regression analysis indicated that neuroticism,psychoticism,pressure from father and influence from father’s philosophy and mode of thinking entered the model,the four variables were able to explain 31% total variance of the adjustment problem（R=0.55,F=19.93,P〈0.001）.Conclusion Personality characteristic and parentage play a valid predictors of adjustment for junior middle school frosh.