日菲关系正常化进程中的战争赔偿交涉探析

On Reparation Negotiations in the Process of the Normalization of Relations Between Japan and Philippines

在战后日菲关系正常化过程中,战争赔偿是首先需要解决的难题。以旧金山和会为界,日菲赔偿问题分为两个阶段。和会前,美国掌握着日本赔偿政策的主导权。对于美国起初的拆迁赔偿政策,菲律宾表示支持。但随着冷战的加剧,美国关于日本赔偿政策转向减少甚至放弃赔偿,这遭到菲律宾的反对。出于战略考虑,美国转而提出"劳务赔偿"。和会后,日菲赔偿转入双边轨道。由于菲律宾国内的党派纷争,赔偿问题的解决成为对日和约批准的先决条件。经过漫长交涉,双方最终达成赔偿协定,为两国关系的正常化扫清了障碍。

After World War II , war reparation was the first problem to be solved in the process of the normalization of relations between Japan and Philippines. Bounded by the San Francisco meeting, the issue of reparation is divided into two phases. U.S. held the initiative in the Japanese policy of reparation before the San Francisco meeting. As for the initial policy of demolition＇s reparation, Philippines expressed support. But with the Cold War intensified, the United States＇ policy of reparation shift to reduce or even abandon to Japan, which was the opposition of the Philippines. Out of strategic thinking, the United States put forward ＂labor reparation＂. After the San Francisco meeting, reparation shift to bilateral orbits in two countries. Due to the Philippines domestic partisan struggle, solution to the issue of reparation became a prerequisite for ratifying the San Francisco peace treaty. After lengthy negotiations, the two sides eventually concluded the reparation agreement for clearing the obstacle to the normalization of relations between Japan and Philippines.