重大自然灾害后社区情境对心理健康的调节效应——基于汶川地震过渡期两种安置模式的比较分析

Moderating Effects of the Community Scenario on People's Mental Health after Severe Natural Disasters:A Contrastive Analysis of Two Settlement Models during the Transition Period of the Wenchuan Earthquake

基于汶川震后入户调查数据,使用倾向得分匹配法和多水平模型评估与分析灾后过渡期集中安置点和普通社区灾民心理健康的差异及影响因素。结果表明,集中安置和分散安置为灾民提供了两类社区情境,受灾严重的安置点灾民心理健康状况并不劣于普通社区灾民。两类社区情境中影响心理健康因素的社会机制存在差异。相比普通社区,在安置点,资源损失给灾民带来的压力得到有效缓解,社会支持对心理健康的积极作用也更为显著。这体现了灾害境况中集中安置点作为一种特殊社区情境具有更强的"社会力",在政策意义上则凸显了灾后心理救助中社区干预的重要性。

This study is based on the data gathered from a household survey conducted after the Wenchuan Earthquake.It uses propensity score matching and multi-level modeling to assess and analyze the mental health variations displayed by disaster victims in concentrated settlement sites and ordinary communities,as well as the causes for these variations.The study shows that concentrated and dispersed settlements provide two kinds of community scenario for disaster victims,and that the mental health of gravely affected victims in the former is no worse than in the latter.There exist variations between the two community scenarios in terms of the social mechanisms affecting the mental health of disaster victims.Pressures arising from loss of resources are more easily alleviated in concentrated settlements than in ordinary communities,and the positive role of social support in mental health is also more evident in the former than in the latter.This demonstrates that concentrated settlements,as a special community scenario,are a stronger 'social force' in the disaster context.In the policy sense,this underscores the importance of community intervention in the provision of psychological assistance in the aftermath of disasters.