绵山天幕毛虫形态特征及生物学特性研究

Morphological traits and biological characteristic of Malacosoma rectifascia

于2008年和2009年在山西关帝山和河北怀来通过室内观察和野外调查,研究了绵山天幕毛虫的形态特征、生活史、生物学特性、成虫寿命、羽化的动态节律。结果表明:绵山天幕毛虫在山西关帝山和河北怀来均为一年一代,以卵越冬。4月下旬开始卵孵化进入幼虫期。幼虫共6龄,幼虫期约70d。7月上旬开始结茧化蛹,蛹期为20d,7月下旬开始羽化,羽化高峰期在8月中旬和8月下旬,9月上旬进入羽化末期,历期50d左右,羽化高峰在12:00-15:00,占到总羽化量的76%,与其他时段羽化量差异达到显著水平(p<0.05)。雌雄虫均为一生交配一次,雌雄性比约为1∶1.2。雌虫8月上旬开始产卵,9月中旬结束产卵,以卵越冬;雄蛾平均寿命为(3.87±1.30)d,雌蛾平均寿命为(5.27±1.43)d,两者差异极显著(p<0.01)。天敌主要有抱寄蝇、卵寄生蜂、核型多角体病毒。

Morphological traits and biological characteristic of Malacosoma rectifascia Lajonquiere, including life cycle, adult lifespan, habits and the rhythm of the adult eclosion, were observed in the laboratory and in the field in Guandi Mountains in Shanxi Province and Huailai county of Hebei Province. The results showed that there was one generation of M. rectifascia per year. Eggs began to hatch in late April and then turned into larval phase. There were 6 instars, lasting for 70 d during the larval phase. Mature larvae began to pupate in early July, with a pupal period of 20 d. Adults started eclosion from late July, with a peak from mid to late August, with an eclosion peri- od of 50 d. The daily emergence peak occurred from 12：00 to 15：00, accounting for 76% of the number of daily emergence （ρ〈0.05）. The ratio of female to male was 1： 1.2. Both male and female M. rectifascia adults mated only once throughout their lives. The pest began to lay eggs in early August and finished in mid September. The pest overwintered as eggs. The average lifespans of female and male adults were significantly different： （5.27± 1.43） d for females and （3.87 ± 1.30）d for males （ρ〈0.01）. Natural enemies of the pest were mainly parasitic flies, egg wasps and nuclear polyhedrosis viruses.