有机导体及超导体的回顾与展望

History and Advances in Chemistry of the Organic Conductors and Superconductors

有机固体是一门多学科交叉的新型研究领域。主要研究具有磁性、光导、电导等特殊性质的分子体系的设计、合成与应用。本文在前人工作的基础上 ,对有机导体及有机超导体的发展历程、结构规律、导电性质作了总结 ;并对有机导体及超导体的单晶培养、晶体电导率的测量方法作了描述。目前 ,有机超导体的超导温度最高己达 12 .8K ,科学家除了改变不同的阴离子与现有的给体培养单晶外 ,还对现有的给体进行修饰和设计并合成了新的给体 ,本文对这一方面也进行了综述。同时对有机导体及超导体发展前景进行了展望。

During twenty years,organic solid function materials have been developed rapidly and fruitfully because of its importance in theory and its potential application prospect.Now it has become one research field involving in many subjects such as organic chemistry,polymer chemistry,solid chemistry,solid physics and material science.In addition,molecular crystals of organic conductors have been intensively studied in recent years in terms of one-dimensional conductors,photoconductors or superconductors.In this paper,the developments in the preparation and structural rule and electrical property of organic conductors and superconductors are reviewed.The single crystal growth,methods of measuring electrical conductivity,temperature dependence of direct current electrical conductivity are also reviewed.