个体化居家照护模式对早产儿生长发育的影响

Effect of individual home care model on growth and development of preterm infants

目的探讨个体化居家照护模式对早产儿生长发育指标包括体重、头围、发育商的影响，为完善家庭护理持续支持提供实证依据。方法本研究对照组97例早产儿，对其照护者实施常规出院后健康指导，包括日常护理、出院带药用法及喂养指导；观察组93例早产儿，运用个体化居家照护模式对其照护者进行指导，包括定期电话随访，对早产儿照护者给予心理支持、个体化喂养指导，指导家庭早期干预。分别测量两组早产儿3个月和6个月时的体重、身长、头围及发育商，评价两组早产儿的生长发育指标状况。结果对照组和观察组3个月时体重[（4615．98±668．08）g比（4999．46±619．28）g；t=4．009，P〈0．05]和6个月时的体重[（6655．67±613．22）g比（261．94±430．77）g；t=7．855，P〈0．05]；3个月时的身长[（54．40±2．45）cm比（56．55±2．97）cm；t=5．462，P〈0．05]和6个月时的身长[（63．20±2．66）cm比（65．01±2．73）cm；t=4．616，P〈0．05]；3个月时的头围[（36．67±1．30）cm比（37．84±1．40）cm比t=5．995，P〈0．05]和6个月时的头围[（39．62±0．93）cm比（40．75±1．33）cm；Z=-7．897，P〈0．05]；3个月时的发育商[（97．09±3．59）比（99．31±2．15）；Z=-5．144，P〈0．051和6个月时的发育商[（96．18±4．36）比（98．18±2．46）；Z=-3．402，P〈0．05]，各观察指标观察组均明显优于对照组，差异均有统计学意义。结论对早产儿家庭照护者实施个体化居家照护模式指导，能够提高照护者的照护能力，利于促进早产儿的生长发育，提高其生命质量。

Objective To explore the eftect of the individual home care mode on growth and development ol preterm infants, and to provide empirical basis for improving home care. Methods 97 cases of preterm infants were enrolled in control group, and were given the routine discharge health guidance, including daily care, discharge medication usage and feeding guidance; 93 cases of preterm infants were enrolled in experiment group, and were given individual home care mode for guidance, including regular telephone follow-up, psychological support, individualized feeding guidance, guidance of family early intervention. Weight, height, head circumference and condition of development were measured at 3 month and 6 month after birth in the two groups, and index of growth and development of the two groups were evaluated and compared. Results The study found that weight, height, head circumference, developmental quotient in the experiment group were significantly better than that in the control group. Weight of three months in the control and experiment group was [ （4 615.98 ± 668.08） g vs （4999.46 ±619.28） g;t =4.009,P 〈0.05] ,and the weight of six months was [ （6 655.67 ±613.22） g vs （7 261.94 ± 430.77） g; t = 7. 855,P 〈 0.05 ] ; the height of three months was [ （54.40 ± 2.45 ） cm vs （56.55 ± 2.97） cm ; t = 5. 462,P 〈 0.05 ], and the height of six months was [ （63.20 ± 2.66） cm vs （65.01 ± 2.73 ） cm ; t = 4.616,P 〈 0.05 ] ; the head circumference of three months was [ （36.67 ± 1.30） cm vs （37.84 ± 1.40） cm ;t = 5. 995 ,P 〈 0.05 ], and the head circumference of six months was [ （39.62 ± 0.93 ） cm vs （40.75 ± 1.33 ） cm ; Z = - 7. 897, P 〈 0.05 ] ; the NBNA of three months about the experiment group was [ （ 97.09 ± 3.59 ） vs （99.31 ±2.15） ;Z= -5. 144,P 〈0.05], and NBNA of six months about the experiment group was [ （96.18 ± 4.36 ） vs （ 98.18 ± 2.46 ） ; Z = - 3. 402, P 〈 0.05 ]. The differences were statistically significant （ P 〈 0. 05 ）. Conclusions The individual home care model can improve caregiver care capacity for preterm infants, and it can improve the growth and development, and also the quality of life of preterm infants.