上海市妇女婚后初育前的避孕措施

The Contraceptive Practice before First Delivery among Married Women in Shanghai

本调查应用流行病学方法 ,对上海 4 0 3 7名妇女婚后初育前的避孕情况进行了调查。了解婚后初育前避孕知识的来源和避孕的实施状况。调查表明 :1 ) 76 .9%的妇女在婚后初育前了解避孕套的使用方法 ,2 7.6 %的妇女使用过避孕套 ;50 .1 %的妇女了解安全期避孕 ;3 4.5%曾使用过安全期避孕 ;72 .4 %的妇女了解口服避孕药方法 ;1 3 .9%的人初育前口服过避孕药 ;3 1 .2 %的妇女知道体外排精法 ;1 0 .4 %的妇女在婚后初育前使用过该法 ;89.8%的妇女知道 IUD;但仅有 1 4.7%的妇女在婚后初育前采用过 IUD方法。避孕知识的主要来源是书刊杂志。2 )多元 L ogistic回归分析表明 :影响婚后初育前避孕的主要因素是 :夫妻文化程度、职业及其户口性质。3 )值得注意的是 :初育前 ,3 8.2 %的人曾有过 1次妊娠 ,7.7%的人有过 2次妊娠。其中 ,第 1次妊娠的主要原因 70 .2 %是没有采取避孕措施 70 .% ,7.0 %是避孕失败 ;第 2次妊娠的主要原因同样是没有采取任何避孕措施和避孕失败 ,分别是 4 5.7%和 2 0 .6 %。结果提示 :今后应加强避孕知识宣教 ,增加妇女避孕知识的深度和广度 ,制订和完善婚前、婚后的计划生育常规服务 ,使广大妇女真正做到知情选择 ,尽早落实可行的避孕方法 ,从而减少非意愿妊娠和人工流产。

A crosssectional study with 4 037 married women was conducted in Shanghai in 1997 to understand the contraceptive knowledge and practice during the period after wedding and before the first delivery. The results showed that: 1. 76.9% women understood the usage of condom, and 27.6% adopted condom during the period; 50.1% women understood the usage of rhythm, and 34.5% women used the method during the period; 72.4% women knew how to use oral contraceptive pills, and 13.9% took pill during the period; 31.2% women knew the withdrawal method, and 10.4% women used it during the period; 89.8% women knew the IUD method, while only 14.7% women used it during the period. The main sources of contraceptive knowledge were books, newspapers and magazines. 2. By fitting the multiple Logistic regression model, it was indicated that couple's education levels, occupations, and resident places were the main factors determining the choice of contraceptive methods among women between wedding and the first delivery. 3. It should be paid attention to that 38.2% women had pregnancy once and 7.7% women had pregnancies twice after wedding and before the first delivery respectively; 70.2% and 7.0% of the first pregnancies were due to noncontraceptive and contraceptive failure respectively; 45.7% and 20.6% of the second pregnancies were due to noncontraceptive and contraceptive failure respectively. In future, the family planning workers should focus on increasing the newly married women's awareness of contraceptive methods by routine services. It is necessary to strengthen the publicity of contraceptive knowledge and provide newly married women with appropriate contraceptives in order to decrease the induced abortion in Shanghai.