医院工作场所暴力与护士心理健康的相关性研究

Correlation between workplace violence of hospital setting and psychological health status of nurses

目的调查护士在医院工作场所遭受暴力的情况，探讨医院工作场所暴力对护士心理健康的影响。方法运用整群抽样的方法，调查遭受深圳市3家综合性医院工作至少1年的护士932名。运用医院工作场所暴力调查表和症状自评量表（SCL-90）调查医院工作场所暴力发生的情况和护士心理健康水平。结果医院工作场所暴力总体发生率为64．3％，其中心理暴力为86．0％、身体暴力为20．9％和性暴力为11．5％。遭受医院工作场所暴力组护士的心理健康总体水平为61．0／64．0分高于未遭受医院工作场所暴力组的护士29．0／40．0分，差异具有统计学意义（Z=-9．734，P〈0．01）；遭受医院工作场所暴力的护士在心理健康9个维度方面得分均高于未遭受暴力的护士，差异有统计学意义（P〈0．01）；护士遭受医院暴力的发生频次越多，其心理健康总体水平得分越高，差异具有统计学意义（P〈0．01）。护士遭受心理暴力的发生频次与心理健康总体水平及各维度得分比较，差异有统计学意义（P〈0．01）；护士遭受身体暴力及性暴力的发生频次与心理健康总体水平及各维度得分比较，差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。结论目前护士遭受医院工作场所暴力的总体发生率较高；遭受医院工作场所暴力组护士的心理健康水平较未遭受医院工作场所暴力组的护士低；护士遭受医院暴力的发生频次越多，其心理健康水平越低。

Objective To study the workplace violence situation of hospital setting and explore its influence on the psychological health status of nurses. Methods A descriptive and correlative design was used. By cluster sampling, 932 nurses from three hospitals in Shenzhen were recruited. The Workplace Violence in Hospital Setting Questionnaire and the Symptom Checklist 90 were used to measure the status of workplace violence in hospital setting and the level of psychological health status of nurses. The data were analysed with software SPSS version 12. 0. Results The overall incidence rate of workplace violence was 64.3% with psychological violence 86.0% ,physical violence 20.9% , sexual violence 11.5%. The scores of psychological health and 9 dimensions score of nurses suffering from workplace violence were significantly higher than that of nurses without suffering from workplace violence （ Z = - 9. 734, P 〈 0. 01 ）. The more frequence of working violence they suffered,the higher the score of psychological health of nurses they have（P 〈0. 01 ） ,and there was significantly difference in the frequence of psychological violence, the score of psychological health and its dimension（ P 〈0.01 ）. The frequence of physical violence and sexual violence was no correlation with the score of psychological health （ P 〉0. 05 ）. The more frequence of working violence is, the higher scores on psychological health status of nursing staff were. （P 〈 0. 05 ）. Conclusions The overall incidence rate of workplace violence was high. The psychological health status of nurses suffering from workplace violence was lower than that of nurses without suffering from workplace violence. The more frequence of working violence, the poorer the psychological health status of nurses.